indian polity book series 19

2) Lal Bahadur Shastri:

• Continued as a minister in Nehru's cabinet without any portfolio.
• Second Prime Minister to die in office.
• First Prime Minister to die abroad.

Note: Died in Tashkent in 1966.

• Gave the slogan 'Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan'.
• Indian Prime Minister during the 1965 Indo-Pak War.
• Signed the Tashkent Agreement with Pakistani Prime Minister Ayub Khan in 1966.
• Resigned as Railway Minister, taking responsibility for the train accident in Karnataka (Ariyalur).
• First Indian to receive 'Bharat Ratna' posthumously.
• Known by the title 'Indian Lincoln'.
• His Samadhi (memorial) - Vijay Ghat.
• Green Revolution happened during his tenure.

Note: After Shastri's death, Gulzarilal Nanda became interim Prime Minister for the second time for 13 days.

• Worked for the White Revolution and established the National Dairy Development Board.

3) Indira Gandhi:

• First woman Prime Minister of India.
• First Indian woman to serve as Finance Minister.
• Second woman to be appointed as Finance Minister - Nirmala Sitharaman.
• Second longest-serving Prime Minister (15 years, 303 days).
• Amended the Constitution most number of times (37 times).
• Nationalized 14 banks in 1969.
• Abolished privy purses in 1970.
• Gave the slogan 'Garibi Hatao' in 1971.
• Introduced the 20-point program.
• Maximum amendments to the Constitution occurred during her tenure.
• First nuclear tests (Smiling Buddha) conducted in Pokhran (Rajasthan) in 1974.
• Declared emergency in 1975 due to internal disturbances.
• First Indian Prime Minister to be arrested.
• Prime Minister assassinated while in office.
• Prime Minister who lost Lok Sabha elections while in office (from Raebareli).
• Signed the Simla Agreement with Pakistani Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto in 1972.
• Prime Minister during the 1971 Indo-Pak war.
• First person to become Prime Minister while being a nominated member of Rajya Sabha.
• Received 'Bharat Ratna' award in 1971.
• First mid-term elections happened during her tenure in 1971.
• Enacted MISA Act in 1971.
• Nationalized 6 more banks for the second time in 1980.
• 'Operation Blue Star' at the Golden Temple in Amritsar happened during her tenure.
• Her birthday, November 19, is celebrated as National Integration Day.
• Authored the book 'My Truth'.
• Indira Gandhi's Samadhi (memorial) - Shakti Sthal.

4) Morarji Desai:

• First non-Congress Prime Minister.
• First Prime Minister to resign.
• Resigned as Deputy Prime Minister protesting against devaluation of the Rupee.
• First person to become Prime Minister after serving as Chief Minister.
• Prime Minister who presented the budget maximum number of times.
• Introduced Rolling Plans.
• Prime Minister who appointed Mandal Commission for OBC reservations.
• Prime Minister who had two Deputy Prime Ministers in his cabinet simultaneously.
• Oldest person to become Prime Minister (81 years).
• Prime Minister who abolished 'Bharat Ratna' awards.
• Prime Minister when Right to Property was removed from the list of Fundamental Rights (44th Constitutional Amendment).
• Appointed the Shah Commission to inquire into the events during the Emergency.
• He is called 'Ranchod'.
• Prime Minister whose birthday comes once every four years (Born on February 29th).
• First person to become Prime Minister after serving as Deputy Prime Minister.
• First Indian to receive 'Nishan-e-Pakistan' award.
• His Samadhi (memorial) - Abhay Ghat.

5) Charan Singh:

• Served as Prime Minister for 24 days and as acting Prime Minister for 4 months.
• Prime Minister who never attended Parliament.
• Known by the title 'Rythu Bandhavudu' (Friend of Farmers).
• Farmer's Day is celebrated on December 23rd, his birthday.
• First time a motion of no-confidence was declared against the cabinet led by him.

Note: Resigned before voting on the no-confidence motion.

• His Samadhi (memorial) - Kisan Ghat.
• Second person to become Prime Minister after serving as Deputy Prime Minister.
• Second person to become Prime Minister after serving as Chief Minister (Uttar Pradesh).

6) Rajiv Gandhi:

• Youngest person to become Prime Minister (42 years).
• Pioneer of Information (Telephone) Technology Revolution.
• Reorganized the Union Cabinet most number of times.
• Was Prime Minister when the voting age was reduced from 21 years to 18 years (61st Constitutional Amendment).
• Anti-Defection Law was enacted during his tenure.
• Gave the slogan 'Bekari Hatao' (Remove Unemployment).
• Sent Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) to Sri Lanka.
• Assassinated in Sriperumbudur on May 21, 1991.
• May 21st is observed as Anti-Terrorism Day.
• His Samadhi (memorial) is called Veer Bhumi.
• First person to become Prime Minister without holding any ministerial position in the Union Government.
• Controversial Postal Bill was passed during his tenure.
• Established Africa Fund.
• Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) was launched.
• Introduced New Education Policy in 1986.
• First pilot to become Prime Minister.
• His birthday is celebrated as National Goodwill Day (August 20).
• Second Prime Minister to be assassinated.
• Goa, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh became states during his tenure.
• Faced allegations in the Bofors scam.
• Controversial TADA Act was enacted during his tenure.

7) V.P. Singh:

• First Prime Minister to lose office through a vote of no-confidence.
• Technically, the first person to lead a coalition government (National Front).
• Inter-State Council was formed during his tenure in 1990.
• Prime Minister who attempted to implement the Mandal Commission report (reservations for OBCs).
• Lost Prime Ministership when BJP withdrew support due to the Ayodhya dispute.

8) Chandra Shekhar:

• Prime Minister who never addressed the nation from the Red Fort.
• Prime Minister who did not hoist the national flag.
• Prime Minister who started political padayatras (long march) for the first time.
• Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated during his tenure.
• Prime Minister called 'Young Turk'.
• Prime Minister called 'Bonsai Baba'.

Note: 'Bonsai' (or) Bonsi is Chandra Shekhar's residence.

• Prime Minister who kept the maximum number of portfolios with himself.
• Became controversial in 1991 for allowing refueling of American warplanes during the Gulf War.

9) P.V. Narasimha Rao:

• First Prime Minister from South India.
• First Prime Minister to run a minority government for a full term.
• Prime Minister who introduced New Economic Policies.
• Became Prime Minister without being a member of either House of Parliament.

Note: Later elected to Lok Sabha from Nandyal.

• Gave the slogan 'Desh Bachao, Desh Banao' (Save the Nation, Build the Nation).
• Only person from Andhra Pradesh to become Prime Minister after serving as Chief Minister.
• Authored the autobiography 'The Insider'.
• First Telugu Prime Minister.
• Ideologue of 'Look East Policy'.
• Faced no-confidence motions maximum number of times (8) in one term.
• Prime Minister elected to Lok Sabha with the highest record majority (from Nandyal with 5.8 lakh majority).
• Babri Masjid demolition (December 6, 1992) happened during his tenure.
• Indian Prime Minister who could speak 14 languages.
• Translated Viswanatha Satyanarayana's novel 'Veyi Padagalu' into Hindi as 'Sahasra Phan'.
• 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments happened during his tenure.
• His Samadhi (memorial) - Gyan Bhumi.

10) A.B. Vajpayee:

• Served as Prime Minister for three terms.
• First term (1996) was the shortest term as Prime Minister (13 days).
• Second term (1998) - Lost office after 13 months due to a no-confidence motion defeated by one vote.
• Third term 1999-2004 - Completed full term.
• Prime Minister who resigned in 1998 after losing a no-confidence motion by one vote.
• Kargil War happened during his tenure.
• First Prime Minister to address the UNO General Assembly in Hindi.
• Gave the slogan 'Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan, Jai Vigyan'.
• Nuclear tests ('Operation Shakti') were conducted in Pokhran in 1998.
• Parliament was attacked on December 13, 2001, during his tenure.
• First non-Congress Prime Minister to serve for the longest period.
• Bus service from India to Lahore was started during his tenure.
• Controversial POTA (Prevention of Terrorism Act) law was enacted during his tenure.
• Samadhi (memorial) - Sadaiv Atal.
• Atal Setu Bridge - Goa.
• Rohtang Tunnel - Atal Tunnel.
• Naya Raipur - Atal Nagar.
• Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand states were formed.
• Vajpayee represented six different Lok Sabha constituencies from four states (Balrampur (UP), Lucknow (UP), Gwalior (MP), Vidisha (MP), Gandhinagar (Gujarat), New Delhi).
• Atal Bihari Vajpayee was first awarded Bharat Ratna.

Which year Atal Bihari Vajpayee received Bharat Ratna? (3) (AP SI - 2018)

1. 1999
2. 1991
3. 1996
4. 1998

Answer: 1) 1999

11) H.D. Deve Gowda:

• Second person from South India to become Prime Minister.
• Second person to serve as Prime Minister while being a member of Rajya Sabha.
• Second person to become Prime Minister without being a member of either House of Parliament.

Note: He was later elected to Rajya Sabha.

• Led the 13-party 'United Front' government.
• Second Prime Minister to resign after losing a vote of no-confidence.
• First BC (Backward Classes) Prime Minister.
• Prime Minister with a diploma in Civil Service.
• Women's Reservation Bill was introduced for the first time during his tenure.

12) I.K. Gujral:

• Born in Jhelum, Pakistan.
• Third person to serve as Prime Minister while being a member of Rajya Sabha.
• 'World Statesman Award' recipient, first Indian.
• Introduced a new foreign policy called 'Gujral Doctrine'.
• Authored the book 'Indian Foreign Policy'.
• First Prime Minister born abroad (Pakistan).

13) Manmohan Singh:

• Born in Gah village in Jhelum, Pakistan.
• 4th person to become Prime Minister while being a member of Rajya Sabha.
• Led the first coalition government formed under Congress leadership.
• Prime Minister who signed the 123 Nuclear Agreement with the USA.
• 3rd longest-serving Prime Minister.
• First Sikh Prime Minister.
• First Prime Minister to visit Siachen battlefield.
• First Prime Minister to win a confidence vote in Lok Sabha mid-term.
• Prime Minister who completed a full term and secured power for the second consecutive term after Nehru.
• Prominent laws like Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, Right to Information Act, Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, Nirbhaya Act were enacted during his tenure.

14) Narendra Damodar Modi:

• Born in Vadnagar, Gujarat.
• Born on September 17, 1950.
• Full name Narendra Damodardas Modi.
• Father's name - Damodar Das Mulchand Modi.
• Mother's name - Heeraben.
• Served as Chief Minister of Gujarat 4 times.
• Took oath as Prime Minister on May 26, 2014.
• Only Prime Minister born after India gained independence.
• Prime Minister who addressed the nation from Red Fort for the longest time (86 minutes).

Note: When India gained independence, Nehru spoke for 72 minutes.

• Second BC Prime Minister.
• First time in 2014 general elections, elected to Lok Sabha from two constituencies - Vadodara in Gujarat and Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh. Later in 2019 general elections, re-elected from Varanasi.
• Second Prime Minister to address the United Nations in Hindi.
• Gave the slogan 'Beti Bachao - Beti Padhao' (Save the girl child, educate the girl child).
• Prioritized cleanliness with 'Swachh Bharat' (Clean India) campaign.
• Prime Minister who frequently spoke to people on the radio program 'Mann Ki Baat' (Heart's Voice).
• Slogan - Jai Kisan, Jai Jawan, Jai Vigyan, Jai Anusandhan (Hail Farmer, Hail Soldier, Hail Science, Hail Research).

Chief Ministers who Became Prime Ministers

Sl. No.	Prime Minister	State (as CM)
1	Morarji Desai	Bombay
2	Charan Singh	Uttar Pradesh
3	V.P. Singh	Uttar Pradesh
4	P.V. Narasimha Rao	Andhra Pradesh
5	Deve Gowda	Karnataka
6	Narendra Modi	Gujarat

'Bharat Ratna' Awardee Prime Ministers

Sl. No.	Prime Minister	Year Awarded
1	Jawaharlal Nehru	1955
2	Lal Bahadur Shastri	1966
3	Indira Gandhi	1971
4	Rajiv Gandhi	1991
5	Morarji Desai	1991
6	Gulzarilal Nanda	1997
7	Atal Bihari Vajpayee	2015

Deputy Prime Minister

The post of Deputy Prime Minister is not mentioned in the Indian Constitution.

Indian Deputy Prime Ministers

Sl. No.	Deputy Prime Minister	Party	Prime Minister
1	Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (1947-1950)	INC	Nehru
2	Morarji Desai (1967-69)	INC	Indira Gandhi
3	Babu Jagjivanram (1977-79)	Janata	Morarji Desai
4	Charan Singh (1977-79)	Janata	Morarji Desai
5	Y.B. Chavan (1979-1980)	INC	Charan Singh
6	Devi Lal (1989-90)	Janata Dal	V.P. Singh
7	Devi Lal (1990-91)	Janata Dal	Chandra Shekhar
8	L.K. Advani (2002-04)	BJP	Vajpayee

• Longest serving Deputy Prime Minister - Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
• Shortest serving Deputy Prime Minister - Y.B. Chavan.
• Served as Deputy Prime Ministers under the same Prime Minister simultaneously - Babu Jagjivanram, Charan Singh.
• Deputy Prime Minister who served under two Prime Ministers in one term - Devi Lal.

K.M. Sharma Vs Union of India Case:

• In 1989, a petition was filed in the Supreme Court stating that Devi Lal taking oath as Deputy Prime Minister was unconstitutional.
• The court dismissed the petition. The Supreme Court stated that one can take oath in the capacity of Deputy Prime Minister.
• So far, 7 people have served as Deputy Prime Ministers.