Wednesday, February 26, 2025

indian polity book series 47

Indian Constitution - Additional Information

Chapter - 3 - Assets, Contracts, Rights, Liabilities, Obligations, and Suits

  1. Freedom of speech will not be available to citizens as long as the emergency is in force.
  2. The fundamental rights cannot be enforced by the courts as long as the emergency continues.
  3. 359A Removed by the 63rd Amendment.
  4. Financial Emergency.

Part - 19 - Miscellaneous Matters

  1. President and Governors are above the law.
  2. 361A. Publication of legislative proceedings is not punishable.
  3. 362. The special rights of the rulers were abolished by the 26th amendment.
  4. 363. Courts have no jurisdiction over disputes relating to certain types of treaties and agreements.
  5. 363A. Abolition of privy purses.
  6. Special provisions relating to major ports and aerodromes.
  7. Failure of State Governments to comply with Central directives - Consequence.
  8. Definitions.
  9. Interpretation.

Part - 20 - Amendment of the Constitution

  1. Amendment of the Constitution, powers of Parliament.

Part - 21 - Temporary, Transitional, and Special Provisions

  1. Parliament can temporarily legislate on matters in the State List.
  2. Temporary provisions relating to Jammu and Kashmir.
  3. 371. Special provisions relating to Maharashtra and Gujarat.
  4. 371A. Special provisions relating to the State of Nagaland.
  5. 371B. Special provisions relating to the State of Assam.
  6. 371C. Special provisions relating to the State of Manipur.
  7. 371D. Special provisions relating to Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.
  8. 371E. Central University in Andhra Pradesh (currently Telangana).
  9. 371F. Special provisions relating to the State of Sikkim.
  10. 371G. Special provisions relating to the State of Mizoram.
  11. 371H. Special provisions relating to the State of Arunachal Pradesh.
  12. 371I. Special provisions relating to the State of Goa.
  13. 371J. Special status to certain areas in the state of Karnataka.
  14. Continuation of existing laws.
  15. 372A. Powers of the President in amending the laws.
  16. Preventive detention of persons and powers of the President in relation thereto.
  17. Provisions relating to pending cases in the Federal Court.
  18. Continuation of other courts and judges.
  19. Provisions relating to High Court Judges.
  20. Provisions relating to the Comptroller and Auditor General.
  21. Provisions relating to the Public Service Commission.
  22. 378A. Special provisions relating to the term of the Legislative Assembly of the State of Andhra Pradesh.
  23. 379-391. Articles from 379 to 391 have been removed.
  24. Powers of the President in removing obstacles during the transition period.

Part - 22

Short title, commencement, authoritative text in Hindi and repeals.

  1. This Constitution may be called the Constitution of India.
  2. 394. Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 324, 356, 367, 379, 380, 388, 392, 393, and 394 shall come into force at once. The remaining provisions shall come into force on January 26, 1950.
  3. 394A. Authoritative Hindi translation of the Constitution. The Constitution was translated into Hindi in 1987.
  4. Except for the Privy Council Jurisdiction Act, 1949, the Government of India Act, 1935, the Government of India Act, 1935, and the Government of India Act, 1947 were repealed.

BOX ITEMS

Acts - Years

Act Year
* Regulation Act1773
* Pitt's India Act1784
* Council Acts1861, 1892, 1909
* Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms1919
* Trade Union Act1926
* Child Marriage Restraint Act (Sharda Act)1929
* Reserve Bank of India Act1934
* Banking Regulation Act1949
* Representation of the People Act1951
* Hindu Marriage Act1955
* Inter-State River Disputes Act1956
* States Reorganisation Act1956
* Dowry Prohibition Act1961
* Income Tax Act1961
* Wildlife Protection Act1972
* Demonetisation Act1978
* National Security Act1980
* Air Pollution Prevention Act1981
* Anti-Corruption Act1988
* SC, ST Atrocities Act1989
* PESA Act1996
* FEMA Act1999
* Competition Act2002
* Biodiversity Act (2002) Implemented in2003
* Disaster Management Act2005
* Right to Information Act2005
* National Rural Employment Guarantee Act2005
* Domestic Violence Act2005
* Child Rights Protection Act2006
* Child Marriage Prohibition Act2006
* Gram Nyayalayas Act2008
* Right to Education Act2009
* National Green Tribunal Act2010
* Lokpal Lokayukta Act2013
* Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act2014
* Mental Health Care Act2017
* Goods and Services Tax GST Act2017

Great people - Their Gurus

Person Guru
NetajiChittaranjan Das
AlexanderAristotle
AristotlePlato
Mahatma GandhiGopal Krishna Gokhale
Gopal Krishna GokhaleMahadev Govind Ranade
Gautama BuddhaAlara Kalama
Sachin TendulkarRamakant Achrekar
P.V. SindhuPullela Gopichand

Systems - Founders

Systems Founder
Indian RailwaysLord Dalhousie
Local Self-Government InstitutionsLord Ripon
Indian EngineeringMokshagundam Visvesvaraya
Father of Indian UnrestBal Gangadhar Tilak
Indian CinemaDadasaheb Phalke
Green Revolution in IndiaM.S. Swaminathan
Indian Cooperative MovementFrederick Nicholson
Indian SurgerySushruta
Indian AstronomyVarahamihira
Father of the Indian ConstitutionB.R. Ambedkar
Father of the NationMahatma Gandhi
Father of Indian SpaceVikram Sarabhai
Father of Indian Nuclear ProgramHomi Jehangir Bhabha
Father of Indian PoultryBanda Vasudevrao(B.V. Rao)
Father of Indian ParliamentG.V. Mavalankar

Minimum age required for various posts

Post Minimum Age
President 35 years
Vice-President 35 years
Rajya Sabha Member 30 years
Legislative Council Member (MLC) 30 years
Lok Sabha Member 25 years
Legislative Assembly Member (MLA) 25 years
Zilla Parishad Chairman 21 years
ZPTC Member 21 years
Mandal Parishad President 21 years
MPTC Member 21 years
Panchayat Sarpanch 21 years
Panchayat Ward Member 21 years
To vote in elections 18 years

Famous Commissions Established Years

Commission Year
National SC/ST Commission1978
Exclusively National ST Commission2004
National Minorities Commission1978
National Women's Commission1992
National OBC Commission1993
National Human Rights Commission1993
National Information Commission2005

Agreements

Agreement Year Between
Sribagh Pact 1937 Leaders of Andhra and Rayalaseema
Panchsheel Agreement 1954 India-China
Gentlemen's Agreement 1956 Seemandhra, Telangana
Tashkent Agreement 1966 Lal Bahadur Shastri - Mohammad Ayub Khan (Pakistan)
Simla Agreement 1972 Indira Gandhi - Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (Pakistan)

Famous Quotes on the Constitution

Quote Person
"Patchwork"Granville Austin
"Lawyers' Paradise"Ivor Jennings
"Quasi-federal"K.C. Wheare
"Cooperative Federalism"Granville Austin
"Centralized Federation"Ivor Jennings
"Lengthy, Divine"Ivor Jennings
"Bargaining Federalism"Morris Jones
"Elephantine"H.V. Kamath

Famous Leaders - Their Samadhis

Leader Samadhi
Mahatma Gandhi Rajghat
B.R. Ambedkar Chaityabhoomi
Babu Rajendra Prasad Mahaprayan Ghat
Jawaharlal Nehru Shantivan
Indira Gandhi Shakti Sthal
Charan Singh Kisan Ghat
Lal Bahadur Shastri Vijay Ghat
Jagjivan Ram Samata Sthal
Rajiv Gandhi Veerbhumi
Giani Zail Singh Ekta Sthal
Morarji Desai Abhay Ghat
Gulzarilal Nanda Narayan Ghat
Shankar Dayal Sharma Karmabhoomi
Krishan Kant Nigambodh Ghat
P.V. Narasimha Rao Gnanabhumi
K.R. Narayanan Uday Bhoomi
Chandrasekhar Jananayak Sthal
I.K. Gujral Smriti Sthal
Devi Lal Sangharsh Sthal
N.T. Rama Rao Buddha Purnima Park

Constitutional Posts - Salaries

Constitutional Posts Salary
President₹. 5,00,000
Vice-President₹. 4,00,000
Lok Sabha Speaker₹. 4,00,000
Governor₹. 3,50,000
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court₹. 2,80,000
Supreme Court Judges₹. 2,50,000
High Court Chief Justice₹. 2,50,000
High Court Judges₹. 2,25,000
Chief Election Commissioner₹. 2,50,000
Comptroller and Auditor General₹. 2,50,000
UPSC Chairman₹. 2,50,000
Cabinet Secretary₹. 2,50,000
Lieutenant Governor₹. 2,25,000

Round Table Conferences

1st Round Table Conference - 1930 (November 12– 1931 January 19)

2nd Round Table Conference - 1931 (September 7- December 1)

3rd Round Table Conference - 1932 (November 17 – December 24)

Constitution - Numbers

Items Numbers
Year of elections to the Constituent Assembly1946
First meeting of the Constituent Assembly9 December 1946
Last meeting of the Constituent Assembly24 January 1950
Date of adoption of the Constitution26 November 1949
Date of commencement of the Constitution26 January 1950
Date of formation of Drafting Committee29 August 1947
Number of members in the Drafting Committee7 (1+6)
Time taken to draft the Constitution2 years 11 months 18 days
Cost of drafting the ConstitutionRs. 64 lakhs
Number of members in the Constituent Assembly before partition389
Number of members in the Constituent Assembly after partition299
Number of Articles in the Constitution (currently)465 (395)
Number of Schedules in the Constitution (currently)12 (8)
Number of Parts in the Constitution (currently)25 (22)

Important Constitutional Amendments

Amendment No. Year of Implementation Subject
7 1956 Reorganisation of states on linguistic basis
9 1960 Settled borders with Pakistan through agreement
10 1961 Inclusion of Dadra & Nagar Haveli as Union Territory in the Indian Union
12 1961 Acquisition of Goa, Daman, Diu from Portugal and merger with India
13 1963 Special protection and statehood to Nagaland
14 1962 Conversion of Puducherry into a Union Territory
21 1967 Inclusion of Sindhi language in the 8th Schedule
26 1971 Abolition of privy purses
36 1975 Merger of Sikkim with India
42 1976 Many provisions were added to the Constitution along with Fundamental Duties. That is why it is called mini constitution
52 1985 Anti-defection law
61 1989 Reduction of voting age from 21 to 18
71 1992 Inclusion of Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali languages in the 8th Schedule
73 1993 Panchayati Raj Act
74 1993 Municipalities
86 2002 Right to Education Act
92 2003 Inclusion of Bodo, Dogri, Santhali, Maithili languages (effective from 2004)
101 2016 GST (effective from 1st July 2017)

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