speaker shyam institute

Speakers of Parliament

Speakers are mainly of 4 types:

1. Pro-Tem Speaker
2. Speaker
3. Panel of Speakers
4. Deputy Speaker

1. Pro-Tem Speaker:

• After the general elections to the Lok Sabha, the President traditionally appoints a senior member from among the Lok Sabha members as the Pro-Tem Speaker.
• This position is adopted from France.
• The Pro-Tem Speaker takes oath in the presence of the President.
• Administers the oath to all the newly elected members of the Lok Sabha.
• The President decides the date of election of the Speaker.
• The election of the Lok Sabha Speaker takes place in his presence.
• If the Pro-Tem Speaker wants to contest in the Speaker's election, he must resign from his Pro-Tem Speaker post.
• He must submit the resignation letter to the President.
• In that case, the President appoints another person as the Pro-Tem Speaker.

• First Lok Sabha Pro-Tem Speaker: G.V. Mavalankar
• 16th Lok Sabha Pro-Tem Speaker: Kamal Nath
• 17th Lok Sabha Pro-Tem Speaker: Virendra Kumar
• 18th Lok Sabha Pro-Tem Speaker: ... (Not mentioned in text)
• After the date of election of the Lok Sabha Speaker is completed, the post of Pro-Tem Speaker is abolished.
• Bills approved in the Lok Sabha are sent to the Rajya Sabha with the approval seal of the Speaker.

Deputy Speaker:

• When the Speaker is absent for the Lok Sabha meetings, one of the Lok Sabha members is elected as the Deputy Speaker to preside.
• The Speaker conducts and decides the date of election of the Deputy Speaker.
• There is no oath-taking for the Deputy Speaker.
• The Deputy Speaker should submit his resignation letter to the Speaker.
• When the Speaker is presiding over the House, the Deputy Speaker can participate in the House as a normal member, participate in discussions, and has the right to vote as a normal member.
• From the 11th Lok Sabha onwards, it has become a tradition to allocate the post of Deputy Speaker to the opposition parties.
• 11th Lok Sabha Deputy Speaker: Suraj Bhan.
• Those who have served as Deputy Speaker twice: Thambidurai.
• For the 17th Lok Sabha, no one was appointed as Deputy Speaker.
• When the Speaker is absent, all the powers of the Speaker are vested in the Deputy Speaker.

Panel Speaker:

• When the Lok Sabha Speaker and Deputy Speaker are absent, the Panel Speaker presides over the House.
• Panel Speakers are appointed by the Lok Sabha Speaker. (Not exceeding 10 members)
• When the posts of Lok Sabha Speaker and Deputy Speaker are vacant, the person appointed by the President presides over the meeting.

Functions of Lok Sabha Speaker:

• The Lok Sabha Speaker is the first citizen in the Lok Sabha.
• The Lok Sabha Speaker acts as the custodian. He is the controlling officer, and in the official order of precedence, he has equal honor with the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
• The Lok Sabha Speaker does not have any oath-taking.
• The post of Speaker is not abolished when the Lok Sabha is dissolved.
• Out of the 24 Standing Committees in Parliament, the Speaker appoints the chairmen of 16 Standing Committees.
• Presides over the All India Speakers' Conference.
• Attends the International Speakers' Conference on behalf of India.
• Officially announces the resignation letter of the President.
• According to the Anti-Defection Law, disqualifies members. Recognizes political parties in the House.
• Acts as the protector of the rights of the members of Parliament.
• Presides over the joint sitting of both houses.
• Speaker's permission is mandatory to introduce an adjournment motion in the Lok Sabha.
• The Speaker decides on matters to be included or removed from the House records.
• Acts as the chairman of the Committee on House Affairs, the General Purposes Committee, and the Rules Committee.
• Casting vote: In the event of a tie on any bill in the House, he uses the decisive vote (casting vote).
• Administers oath to newly elected MPs.
• Adjourns meetings when there is no quorum.
• Allocates time for speeches of members.
• The Lok Sabha Speaker decides whether a bill is a Money Bill or not. (This decision cannot be questioned by anyone).
• First person elected as Speaker from the opposition parties: P.A. Sangma.

Lok Sabha Speakers List:

Speaker's Name	Tenure
1. G.V. Mavalankar	1952-56
M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar	1956-57
2. M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar	1957-62
3. Sardar Hukam Singh	1962-67
4. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy	1967-69
G.S. Dhillon	1969-71
5. G.S. Dhillon	1971-75
Baliram Bhagat	1975-77
6. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy	1977-77
K.S. Hegde	1977-80
7. Dr. Balram Jakhar	1980-85
8. Dr. Balram Jakhar	1985-89
9. Rabi Ray	1989-91
10. Shivraj Patil	1991-96
11. P.A. Sangma	1996-98
12. GMC Balayogi	1998-99
13. GMC Balayogi	1999-2002
Manohar Joshi	2002-2004
14. Somnath Chatterjee	2004-2009
15. Meira Kumar	2009-2014
16. Sumitra Mahajan	2014-2019
17. Om Birla	2019-Present

Speaker - Key Points:

• The post of Speaker is adopted from Britain.
• In Britain, "once a speaker, forever a speaker."
• Usually, the term of office of the Lok Sabha Speaker is 5 years.
• The Speaker does not have any oath-taking.
• The post of Speaker is not abolished when the Lok Sabha is dissolved.
• The Speaker must submit his resignation letter to the Deputy Speaker.
• First Lok Sabha Speaker: G.V. Mavalankar.
• 17th Lok Sabha Speaker: Om Birla
• Speakers who died in office: G.V. Mavalankar → GMC Balayogi
• Those who resigned from the post of Lok Sabha Speaker:
  1. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
  2. Guru Dayal Singh Dhillon.
• Those who have held the post of Speaker twice: 5 members.
  1. Anantha Sayanam Ayyangar
  2. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
  3. G.S. Dhillon
  4. Balram Jakhar
  5. GMC. Balayogi.

• First woman to serve as Lok Sabha Speaker: Meira Kumar (15th Lok Sabha) Second woman: Sumitra Mahajan (16th Lok Sabha)
• First Dalit Lok Sabha Speaker: GMC Balayogi, Second Dalit Lok Sabha Speaker: Meira Kumar
• First person from Scheduled Tribes to become Speaker: "P.A. Sangma (11th Lok Sabha)
• First person from Scheduled Tribes to become Deputy Speaker: "Kariya Munda"
• Longest serving Speaker: Balram Jakhar
• Shortest serving Speaker: 2nd person: Gur Dayal Singh Dhillon, 3rd person: Anantha Sayanam Ayyangar, Person with shortest tenure: Baliram Bhagat.

Areas where Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha have equal powers:

1. Constitutional Amendment: In the case of amending the Constitution of India, both Houses have equal powers.
   • Meaning: The Constitution can be amended only with the approval of both houses with a 2/3rd special majority.
   • If either house rejects it, the amendment bill will fail.
   • Meaning: There is no provision for a joint sitting of both houses.
2. Approving Emergency Situations:
   • According to Articles 352, 356, 360, both Houses must approve the emergency situations imposed by the President. Otherwise, the emergency situation will be cancelled.
   • Example: In Bihar in 1999, the constitutional emergency was imposed, but only the Lok Sabha approved it, and the Rajya Sabha rejected it. As a result, the presidential rule in that state was revoked, and elections had to be conducted.
3. Judicial Powers: Both Houses have equal powers in investigating allegations against the President, Vice-President, Supreme Court, High Court Judges, CAG, Chief Election Commissioner of the Central Election Commission, etc., and removing them from office.
4. Election Powers: Both have equal powers in electing the President and Vice-President.
5. Parliamentary Privileges, Salaries and Allowances: Both Houses of members have equal opportunities in terms of MP rights and salaries and allowances.
6. Central Council of Ministers: In the matter of the Central Council of Ministers, members of both houses have equal opportunities in holding positions.

Areas where Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha have equal powers (Continued):

1. Establishment of Constitutional Bodies:
   • If new constitutional bodies are to be established in India, the Constitution must be amended.
   • Meaning: New institutions can be established only by approving it with a 2/3 majority in both houses of Parliament.
   • If any one house rejects it, there is no possibility of establishing the institutions.
2. Establishment of Statutory Bodies:
   • If any statutory bodies are to be established in India, Parliament Both Houses must approve a separate special law separately. Only then, there will be opportunity to establish new institutions.
   • Meaning: In this matter also, both houses have equal opportunities.
3. Establishment of Parliamentary Committees:
   • In the case of committees formed from Parliament, when members are taken into the committees, members from Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha are taken in the same proportion based on their numbers.
   • In the case of setting up inquiry committees, both houses have equal powers.
4. Discussion on Committee Reports:
   • Parliament also has the responsibility to discuss and approve the annual reports submitted by constitutional bodies like the Comptroller and Auditor General, Central Finance Commission, Public Service Commissions, and other statutory bodies.
   • Meaning: In this context also, both houses have equal powers.

Special Powers of Lok Sabha:

• Only Lok Sabha forms the government at the center.
• Governments are formed based on the majority achieved in the Lok Sabha.
• Rajya Sabha majority is not considered for the formation of governments at the center.
• In matters of:
  • Formation and dissolution of the Council of Ministers,
  • Council of Ministers being collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha,
  • Money Bills,
  • Motion of Confidence and No-Confidence,
  • In the matter of repealing the emergency situation,
  • Adjournment Motion.

Women's Representation in Lok Sabha

Lok Sabha	Number	Percentage
First Lok Sabha	22	4.4
Second Lok Sabha	27	5.4
Third Lok Sabha	34	6.7
Fourth Lok Sabha	31	5.9
Fifth Lok Sabha	22	4.2
Sixth Lok Sabha	19	3.4
Seventh Lok Sabha	28	5.1
Eighth Lok Sabha	44	8.1
Ninth Lok Sabha	27	5.2
Tenth Lok Sabha	39	7.1
11th Lok Sabha	40	7.1
12th Lok Sabha	43	7.2
13th Lok Sabha	49	9.02
14th Lok Sabha	45	8.2
15th Lok Sabha	59	10.8
16th Lok Sabha	66	12.1
17th Lok Sabha	78	14.4
18th Lok Sabha	(Data not in text)	(Data not in text)

Lok Sabha Sessions Timeline

Sabha (Lok Sabha)	Period of Formation Date of First Meeting	Term (Dissolved)
1st Lok Sabha	April 17, 1952 (May 13, 1952)	April 4, 1957 (Dissolved 38 days before end of term)
2nd Lok Sabha	May 5, 1957 (May 10, 1957)	March 31, 1962 (Dissolved 40 days early)
3rd Lok Sabha	April 2, 1962 (April 16, 1962)	May 3, 1967 (Dissolved 44 days before term end)
4th Lok Sabha	March 4, 1967 (March 16, 1967)	December 27, 1970 (Dissolved 79 days before term end)
5th Lok Sabha	March 15, 1971 (March 19, 1971)	January 18, 1977 (*Term extended twice by one year each. *Lok Sabha with a term of 5 years, 16 months, and 6 days.)
6th Lok Sabha	March 23, 1977	August 22, 1979 (*Sabha lasted only 2 years, 4 months, 28 days in office.)
7th Lok Sabha	January 10, 1980 (January 21, 1980)	December 31, 2005. (*1984 (Dissolved 20 days early))
8th Lok Sabha	December 31, 1984 (January 15, 1985)	November 27, 1989 (*Dissolved 48 days early)
9th Lok Sabha	December 2, 1989 (December 18, 1989)	March 13, 1991 (*Sabha lasted only 1 year, 2 months, 25 days in office.)
10th Lok Sabha	June 20, 1991 (July 9, 1991)	March 10, 1996 (*Dissolved 59 days early)
11th Lok Sabha	May 15, 1996 (May 22, 1996)	December 3, 1997 (*Sabha lasted only 1 year, 6 months, 13 days in office.)
12th Lok Sabha	March 10, 1998 (March 23, 1998)	April 26, 1999 (*This Sabha lasted only 1 year, 1 month, 4 days in office)
13th Lok Sabha	October 10, 1999 (October 20, 1999)	February 6, 2004 (*Dissolved 253 days early)
14th Lok Sabha	May 17, 2004 (May 23, 2004)	May 18, 2009 (Dissolved)
15th Lok Sabha	May 22, 2009 (June 1, 2009)	May 18, 2014 (*Dissolved)
16th Lok Sabha	May 26, 2014 (June 4, 2014)	May 24, 2019 (*Dissolved)
17th Lok Sabha	June 06, 2019	2019-2024
18th Lok Sabha	(Data not in text)	(Data not in text)