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230 Article - K.P. Areas A. H.C. Parliament decides the arrival of the parks
Number Name Established Year Ruler
1. Delhi 1956 Lieutenant Governor 143
2. Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1956 Lieutenant Governor
3. Lakshadweep 1956 Chief Administrator
4. Dadra Nagar Haveli 1961 Chief Administrator
5. Daman and Diu 1962 Chief Administrator
6. Puducherry 1962 Lieutenant Governor
7. Chandigarh 1966 Chief Commissioner.

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I. Constitutional Bodies
Constitutional - Non-Constitutional Bodies

1. Attorney General [Article 76] :
> The highest law officer in India is the Attorney General.
> Chief legal advisor to the Central Government
> The President appoints the ATG.
> Persons who have the qualifications to be appointed as an ordinary judge in the S.C are appointed as Attorney General.
> ATG will be in office as long as the President trusts.
> Usually ATG term is 6/65 years
> The President can remove him from office at any time.
> Their salaries are determined by the President. Generally, He receives a salary of 90,000/- as an ordinary S.C judge.
* State ATG S.C. receives legal advice.
> Any court in India has the right to argue on behalf of the government.
> Article 88 - ATG can participate in Parliament meetings and discussions, but does not have the right to vote in any House.
> India's first Attorney General - M.C. Setalvad
> Current Attorney General of India - Ghulam Vahanvati
* Solicitor General & Additional Solicitor Generals can also be appointed to assist ATE.

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38. Advocate General [Article 165] :
> The highest legal advisor to the government at the state level.
> The Governor appoints the AG on the advice of the State Government.
> A person who has the qualifications to be appointed as a judge in the H.C. is appointed as AG.
> He remains in office as long as the Governor trusts him.
> Can be removed at any time on the advice of the state government.
> He is paid the salary of an ordinary judge of the H.C. This is decided by the governor.
> He can present his arguments in any court in the state on behalf of the state government.
> Article 177 - AG can attend the meetings of the State Legislative Assembly & participate in the discussions, but cannot participate in the voting
* AP First AG - Narasaraju
* Present AG - D.V. Seetharamamurthy

3. Comptroller & Auditor General [CAG]:
> CAG-[Article 148]
> In 1976, the Accounts Department was separated from the purview of CAG and a separate department was created.
> Persons with at least 10 years of experience in the Accounts Department are appointed as CAG,
> The President appoints the CAG.
> He is appointed by the President and takes oath in their presence.
> CAG tenure 6 or 65 years.
> The President removes the CAG on grounds of incompetence & misconduct.
> S.C & H.C judges are removed in the same manner, i.e. by the President on the basis of a resolution passed by a special majority of 2/3rd in both houses of Parliament.
> The President can remove without any resolution in the following cases.
--When declared insolvent
- When he loses his mind;
--When engages in other lucrative works
- When convicted by the court.
> Although the CAG's salary is determined by the President, the salary given to an ordinary S.C judge is paid to the CAG. .

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> CAG audits the expenses and accounts of the Central and State Governments and prepares its reports.
> Article 151 (1) - Submits the report of expenses and accounts related to the Central Government to the President.
+ The President places it before the Parliament.
> Article 151(2) - Submits audit reports of expenses and accounts of State Governments to the Governors.
* Governors place the reports before the Legislature
> Article 150 - Parliament makes laws regarding the responsibilities and duties of CAG.
> Among the officials appointed by the Constitution of India, CAG is the most important official
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was described.
> CAG acts as an officer of the Parliament of India.
> CAG is described as the main: watchman of the finances of the Indian people.
> CAG only points out the flaws in the expenses and accounts of the governments.
'But' does not have the power to take action.
> Since the CAG does not have the power to control the expenses of the governments, this position is actually
Auditor General. is acting only as
-Paul Appleby
> CAG can only give advice regarding savings. Highlights irregularities in government spending.
> Some have compared the CAG report to a post-mortem report.
> India's first CAG - General M. Naraharirao
> Present CAG - Vinod Rai

GITY XEROX
1-10-237/A/1, Ashoknagar,
HYDERABAD-500 020.
Ph: 9704138226

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4. Finance Commission [Article 280] :
> & Total number of members: 4+1
> The President appoints the members and chairman of the Commission.
> One of the members of these commissions, either as chairman or as a member, should have served as a judge at the H.C level.
> Term of the Commission: 5 years
> The President can dissolve it before the term ends.
Main functions:-
- Formulating guiding principles regarding the distribution of revenue resources between the Central and State Governments.
- Article 275: Formulating guiding principles regarding the grants-in-aid to be given by the Central Government to the States.
- Formulating guiding principles regarding the grants-in-aid to be sanctioned by the Center for the welfare of SCs and STs in the states.
- Advising on the grants-in-aid to be sanctioned by the Center to local self-governing bodies.
- Providing necessary advice and suggestions to the Center for mobilizing financial resources to the extent desired by the President.
* F.C submits its report to the President.
- F.C acts as an advisory body.
- It is a Semi-Judiciary body.
* The instructions given by F.C regarding the distribution of revenue between the Center and the States cannot be challenged in any court.
-"In India, it is like a wheel that coordinates the economic and financial federal system"
F.C will be considered as a balancing
Wheel of Fiscal federalism in India?"
> First F.C. [1951-56] Chairman: K.C. Neogi
> Current F.C [2010-15] : Vijay Kelkar
> So far 13 commissions have been formed in India.

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5. State Finance Commission?
> After the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments, all the states in our country have formed F.Cs.
> Articles 243 [I&Y] - indicate the establishment of State F.C.
> The Governor appoints the State F.C.
> Number of members: 4+1
> State F.C was formed in 1994.
> First F.C Chairman: Prof. Lakshmanaswamy
> Present F.C Chairman: Prof. N. Satyanarayana Rao
Main functions:-
- The State Government formulates guidelines for sanctioning funds to local bodies.
- Provides its recommendations to the Central F.C regarding the sanction of funds to the local bodies by the Center.
- Provides necessary advice and suggestions for mobilizing financial resources as per the request of the Governor.

6. Public Service Commissions: Central and State Public Service Commissions
Article 14: 308-323
> Regarding employment sovereignty, PSCs were taken from Britain,
> The first country to introduce the system of 'employee selection' through competitive examinations: China
> In 1772, Warren Hastings introduced the 'Collector System' in India.
> Introduced the Civil Services system: Cornwallis
> Based on the report submitted by the Lee Commission in 1921 in 1926, PSCs were designed.
> Through the Government of India Act, 1935, PSCs with independent status were established.
> Father of Indian Civil Services: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
> UPSC was established in 1950.
> UPSC. First Chairman: H.K. Kripalani
> UPSC Current Chairman: D.P. Agarwal
-
> Article 309 - informs about the selection of government employees, working methods, and service rules.
> Article 310 - explains the "satisfaction policy" regarding employees.
: i.e. government employees will continue in their jobs only as long as the government is satisfied.
> This 'satisfaction policy' was taken from Britain.

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> Article 311 - explains the disciplinary measures in the rules and regulations regarding the services of government employees, i.e. suspension, dismissal from service
etc.
*- This Article also informs about the protection measures related to the job security of government employees.
> Article 312 - According to a special resolution of the Rajya Sabha, the Parliament of India establishes new All India Services in the country.
* Currently, only IAS, IPS, IFS are All India Services, the rest are Central & State Services, the remaining services - 24
> Article 315 - 8 types of PSCs can be set up in our country.
1. UPSC-
2. SPSC- State
3. JPSC - Joint Public Service Commission
> Article 316 - UPSC - Chairman and members are appointed by the President.
> JPSC Chairman & members are appointed by the President (Article 316)
> The number of members can be from 4 to 9.
> 50% of the number of members should have experience of working as government employees.
> Article 317 - The President removes the Chairman & members on grounds of incompetence and misconduct.
> The President also removes the members of UPSC & JPSC.
> The President sends the allegations against the members to the S.C for investigation.
> The President takes the decision based on the recommendations made by the three-member committee constituted by the CTS.
> Article 319 - UPSC Chairman & Members 6/65 years.
JPSC members continue for 6/62 years. :
> Article 320 - Parliament legally makes decisions regarding the duties of UPSC members.
> Article 381 - Those who have served as members in these commissions should not take up any jobs later.
> Their salaries are decided by the President.
* The year in which ICS was renamed to IAS - 1947

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> Article 323 - UPSC submits its report to the President. They, according to the context - place it before the Parliament.
> UPSC's main function: Conducting the employee selection process.
* Regarding age, service rules and regulations, disciplinary 11
Regarding service transfers, training, promotions, etc.
It also performs the function of advising the government.
* Committee that recommended giving the opportunity to write civil services examinations in the mother tongue recognized by the Constitution: Konari Commission
> Recommended to introduce general essay papers in civil services & to increase the interview marks from 850 to 300: Satish Chandra Committee
> Recommended changes in the current rules and regulations regarding age: P.C. Hota Committee
> The main recommendation made in the report submitted by the 2nd Administrative Reforms Commission headed by Veerappa Moily on civil services:
- To provide quality services with values

SPSC:
> Current APPSC number of members: 9+1
> Article 315(1) - PSCs are set up in the states.
> Article 316(1) - SPSC Chairman and members are appointed by the Governor.
> Article 317(1). - SPSC. The President removes the Chairman & members in the same manner as the UPSC members are removed.
> SPSC cannot take up any government jobs after retirement. But can work as chairmen & members in UPSC.
> Retirement age is 6 or 62 years.
> Based on the guidelines formulated by the Indian Parliament, the State Legislature can make changes in the functions of the state-level PSC.
> SPSC gives its annual report to the Governor who places it before the Legislature.
> Although APPSC was formed in 1956, it started functioning from 1957.
> First APPSC Chairman: V. Subrahmanyam
> SPSC - Chairman and members can be temporarily suspended by the Governor.

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7. Election Commission:
> There are 71.4 crore voters in India;
> China - Centralized democracy.
> The Election Commission conducts elections within a specified period to elect public representatives.
> The Election Commission works with independent status.
> Article 324 - Election Commission
> The Election Commission does not submit any report to anyone regarding its functioning.
> Initially, the CEC functioned as a single-member commission.
> In 1989, the Rajiv Gandhi government changed it to a three-member commission...
> In 1990, the V.P. Singh government changed it back to a single-member commission.
> In 1993, the P.V. government again issued orders changing it to a three-member commission.
> The then CEC T.N. Seshan challenged the change to a three-member commission in the S.C
He filed a petition in his personal capacity.
> In its interim orders, the S.C. stated that when the Election Commission acts as a commission, among the three
members, the chief officer will act as the chairman.
> In its final verdict in 1998, the S.C. upheld the formation of a three-member commission."
> It ruled that the majority decision would prevail in case of differences of opinion in the commission.
> The S.C. noted the issue of mentioning the main & other officers in the Constitution on this occasion.
> &EC Term 6 or 65 years. The President can remove them before the term ends.
> In case of removal from office on grounds of incompetence and misconduct, in the case of CEC, the Parliament should adopt a special resolution with a 2/3rd majority.
When removing other officers, the CEC acts as the 'chairman'.
> The President appoints two other officers and state officers on the recommendations of the CEC (chief officer).
> The President takes decisions based on the advice of the Central Council of Ministers.
> N. Gopalaswami recommended the removal of another officer, Naveen Chawla
> The President rejected Gopalaswami's recommendation based on the advice of the Central Council of Ministers.

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> When appointing election officers, mostly senior IAS officers are appointed.
> India's first CEC - Sukumar Sen
> Longest serving CEL - K.V.K. Sundaram
> Shortest serving - Dr. Nagendra Singh
> The only woman who served as temporary CEC - V.S. Ramadevi
> Current election officers; Naveen Chawla [Chief Officer]
S.Y. Qureshi [Officer]
V.S. Sampath [Officer]
> Introduced election reforms in India: T.N. Seshan
> CEC who introduced Voter Identity: T.N. Seshan
> CECs who received the 'Ramon Magsaysay Award': T.N. Seshan, J.M. Lyngdoh
> Recently, the officers who filed an affidavit in the S.C. seeking permission to introduce negative voting in the general elections: T.S. Krishnamurthy
Election machinery:--
* At the national level, there are more than 10 secretaries along with the chief & two officers.
+ At the state level, election officers are appointed as required for the conduct of constitutionally mandated elections.
* At the district level, Collectors act as Returning Officers.
* At the constituency level, government employees act as election officers.
* At the polling station level, the Presiding Officer acts as the election officer.
[Government employees continue in this position]
+ 'Nirvachan Sadan' in Delhi is the Central Election Office.

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I. Central Level Chairman + two members, more than 10 secretaries
II. State level
III. Collector level
IV. Zonal level
V. Constituencies
VI. Polling Station
Main Functions:
> Conducts all elections in the state.
President, Vice President, Parliament, Legislative Assembly (Legislative Council + Legislative Assembly)
> Conducts all general, mid-term, by-elections and by-elections.
> Prepares voter lists.
> Issues voter identity cards.
> Formulates the Election Code of Conduct.
> Recognizes political parties.
> Receives nominations of candidates, Scrutiny (verification), rejection of ineligible candidates, release of final list. i.e. after the withdrawal of candidates, the final list is announced.
.. 'Assigns symbols to the contesting candidates.
→ Meetings and rallies should be held only with the permission of the Commission.
> The Election Commission implements the Representation of the People Act formulated by the Parliament.
> Candidates contesting in the elections have to file an affidavit before the Returning Officer and take oath.
> Candidates contesting in the elections have to submit the audit report of expenses and accounts related to election expenses to the Commission within 15 days of the completion of elections.
-> Candidates who fail to submit the report of expenses to the Commission are disqualified.
> The Election Commission can revoke the voting right and the right to contest of the persons who violate the Representation of the People Act

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> Article 329 - After the election process starts, until the elections are completed, the Commission acts as a legally valid body.
> During the election period, action can be taken against the officers who violate the 'Code'.
> Can appoint election observers and take decisions based on their report.
> According to the Representation of the People Act amended in 1985, in case of irregularities in elections, the elections can be postponed.
* Elections can be countermanded or re-polling can be ordered or elections can be canceled and fresh elections can be conducted.
> Has the final say on campaign dates, prohibitory orders, liquor shops, etc.
> Counts the votes in the elections and issues victory certificates to the winning candidates.
> Article 103 - Based on the recommendation of the CEC, the President disqualifies the members of Parliament.
> If the President's rule is to be extended, the CEC Commission should certify that elections cannot be held in that state.
State Election Commission:
> Introduced in the Constitution in 1998, special election commissions were set up in the states based on the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments.
> Articles 243 [K] & 243[Z-A] articles - provide for the establishment of State Election Commissions.
> The Governor appoints the State Commission.
> State Commissioner's term is 6 or 62 years.
> The State Commissioner submits his resignation to the Governor.
> The President removes the State Commissioner in the same manner as the judges of the State H.C. are removed.
> This commission conducts elections for local bodies related to Panchayati Raj institutions and urban and municipal bodies.
> In 1994, the commission was first established in AP.
> First Chief Officer: Kasi Pandian.
> Current State Election Commissioner: Ramakanth Reddy.
* The officer in our state who acts as the Central Election Commissioner
- I.V. Subbarao

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Election Reforms in India:
> The current election system in India is called the "relative majority system," "simple majority system."
> The current system is referred to as the "First past the post election system".
> Article 325 - No person shall be denied the right to vote on the basis of caste, religion, class, color, gender, race, or place of birth.
> Article 326:- Universal adult suffrage was granted.
> In 1988, the Rajiv Gandhi government, through the 61st Amendment, reduced the voting age limit from 21 years to 18 years.
> General elections are held in India according to the Representation of the People Acts of 1950 and 1951.
> Article 327 - Along with the Parliament, the Parliament also formulates laws for Assembly elections.
> Article 328 - In case of not formulating laws for elections to the Legislative Assembly, the State Legislature can formulate them.
> Article 329 - After the election process starts, even the courts cannot interfere.
> In 2008, the S.C. ruled that except for issues of constitutional violation after the election process starts, it would not interfere in the normal process.
> Since 1997, candidates have been prohibited from contesting from more than two constituencies.
> Based on the recommendations of the Law Commission headed by Justice. B.P. Jeevan Reddy, when independent candidates die, elections are being conducted as usual without postponement.
> When a recognized political party candidate dies, a week's time is given to nominate alternate candidates and elections are conducted.
> Since 1996, the Election Commission has been appointing election observers.
> In 1990, the V.P. Singh government appointed a committee headed by Dinesh Goswami for election reforms.
> The Goswami Committee suggested the use of EVMs in elections.

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> Recommended the introduction of the proportional representation election system.
> Recommended that the chief and other officers of the elections should be appointed based on the recommendations of a committee headed by the Prime Minister.
> Recommended increasing the deposits of candidates contesting in elections to reduce frivolous candidates - Jeevan Reddy Committee Commission
> Committee that studied the relationship between political leaders and criminals and its impact on politics - N.N. Vohra Committee
> Committee appointed by the Madhya Pradesh government on criminalization of politics - Sohani Committee
> Until 1962, there were two-member constituencies in our country, and from 1962, single-member constituencies were established.
> From 2003, those working in the army were given the facility of Proxy Voting, i.e. others voting on their behalf.
> Since 1997, persons sentenced to more than 2 years of imprisonment have been disqualified from contesting elections.
> In 1999, the Indrajit Gupta Committee recommended that the election expenses should be borne by the government.
" Corporate bodies and private companies should provide donations above Rs. 10,000 to political parties in the form of checks, the Gupta Committee recommended.
> K. Santhanam Committee recommended prohibiting industrial groups & companies from contributing funds to political parties.
> It recommended that as soon as elections are announced, the governments at the center and in the states should be dissolved and the voting age limit should be reduced in 1974 - Tarkunde Committee
> Recommended holding elections to Parliament and Legislative Assemblies simultaneously - Constitution Review Commission
> The Allahabad High Court ruled that a person's vote should not be denied just because he does not have a voter ID card.

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> Institutional elections should be made mandatory for internal democracy in political parties
Election commission that issued orders - T.S. Krishnamurthy
> A party should allocate 30% of the seats for institutional elections to women
Committee that recommended -- Jeevan Reddy Commission
Political Parties
> A group of individuals who work collectively to achieve national interests based on certain agreed-upon principles is a 'political party'.
- Edmund Burke
> A political party is a group of individuals who work to seize power through constitutional methods based on certain agreed-upon principles
- R.M. MacIver

> There is a multi-party system in India.
> The political parties in our country are not constitutional. They are legally recognized by the Election Commission.
> Political parties in our country can be classified into 2 types.
I. National Parties;
- Currently, there are '6' recognized national parties in India
- The Election Commission determines the eligibility criteria for recognition as a national party.
Party Name Year Established Leaders/Secretaries Symbol

1. Indian National Congress 1885 Sonia Gandhi Hand
2. Communist Party of India (CPI) 1925 A.B. Bardhan Sickle and Ear of Corn
3. CPI (Marxist) 1964 Prakash Karat Hammer, Sickle and Star
4. Bharatiya Janata Party 1980 Nitin Gadkari Lotus
5. Bahujan Samaj Party 1985 Mayawati Elephant
6. * Nationalist Congress Party 1998 Sharad Pawar Clock

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Eligibility criteria for recognition as a national party:
- A party that has secured 1/6th of the votes polled in the Lok Sabha elections [or]
- A party that has been recognized as a regional party in at least 4 states. [or]
- Should have won at least 2% of the total seats in the Lok Sabha, i.e. 11 seats, from 3 states. (or)
- Should have contested for 20% of the Lok Sabha seats in at least 3 states and secured 25% of the votes.
* The party that recently lost the status of a national party: Janata Party
* Even if a party does not meet any of these conditions, its party recognition will not be immediately revoked, i.e. it will be given a chance until the next election.

II. Regional Parties
- There are currently 56 recognized regional parties in India.
- The first party to be formed: DMK (Tamil Nadu)
- Eligibility criteria for recognition as a regional party:
* Should have secured 6% of the votes polled in the Assembly elections. (or)
+ Should have won one seat for every 25 Lok Sabha seats. (or)
* Should have won at least 3% of the Assembly seats. (or)
* Should have secured 2% of the votes & 2 seats. (or)
* Should have contested for 20% of the Lok Sabha seats and secured 25% of the votes.
Number Party Name State Leader Symbol

1. DMK Tamil Nadu Karunanidhi
2. AIADMK " Jayalalithaa
3. MDMK " V. Gopalaswamy
Marumalarchi
4. PMK " Dr. Ramadoss
5. Kerala Congress Kerala Joseph
6. Shiv Sena Maharashtra Uddhav Thackeray
7. Janata Dal Secular Karnataka Deve Gowda
8. Maharashtra Navnirman Maharashtra Raj Thackeray.
Murt
9. Shiromani Akali Dal Punjab Prakash Singh Badal
10. Indian National Lok Dal Haryana Om Prakash Chautala

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10. National Conference J&K Farooq Abdullah
11. Samajwadi Party UP Mulayam Singh Yadav
12. Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Jharkhand Shibu Soren
13. Janata Dal United Bihar Sharad Yadav
14. Rashtriya Janata Dal Bihar Lalu Prasad Yadav
15. Biju Janata Dal Odisha Naveen Patnaik
16. Trinamool Congress W. Bengal Mamata Banerjee
17. Assam Gana Parishad Assam Brindavan Goswami

Inter-State Council
[Article 263]
> The Prime Minister is its Chairman.
> The Council meets 2 times a year.
> Six ministers from the Union Cabinet are members.
> CMs of all states & rulers of Union Territories are also members.
> It is only an advisory body.
:
> In 1990, during the V.P. Singh government, this council was established for the first time.
> The Council has held 10 meetings so far.
> During the NDA regime, a sub-committee headed by George Fernandes was formed to work on Article 356 and the changes to be brought in the Constitution.
> The sub-committee formed under the leadership of Shivraj Patil during the Manmohan Singh government made some suggestions on building cooperation between the Center and the States.
Main Functions:
* Resolving issues between the Center and the States amicably;
* Resolving issues between the two states amicably:
* Coordinating the Center and States for the upliftment of SCs and STs.

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Administrative Tribunals!
> In 1976, during Indira Gandhi's regime, these were included in the Constitution through the 42nd Amendment.
> Part 14 (A); Articles 323 (a), 323 (b) were added to the Constitution to provide for their establishment.
> They were established in 1985 during Rajiv Gandhi's regime.
> These tribunals can be said to be similar to the administrative courts in France.
> These tribunals deal with issues related to the service rules, regulations, promotions, disciplinary actions, suspensions, etc. of Central and State government employees.
> These are established in 17 centers across the country.
> Its main center: Delhi
> The centers established in the country have been established in the H.C premises of the respective states.
> UP & Rajasthan centers are established in their capitals.
> A Chairman, 16 Vice-Chairmen & 46 members will be there.
> The President appoints the Chairman and Vice-Chairmen.
> Their appointment is based on the recommendation of a committee headed by the Prime Minister.
> The term of Chairman and Vice-Chairmen is 5 or 65 years.
> The term of members is 5 or 62 years.
> The President removes them on grounds of incompetence and misconduct.
> The President removes the members in the same manner as UPSC members are removed (based on the advice of the S.C Committee).
> The tribunal deals with issues related to employees working in government, public sector undertakings & corporations and companies.
Those who do not come under the purview of investigation: ...
- Staff working in S.C,
- H.C staff,
- Preliminary office staff.
- Legislatures

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* Along with AP, state administrative tribunals have been established in 8 states..
* Officers working in state administrative tribunals should have the qualifications required for a H.C judge. These are appointed by the President,
* Article 323 (b) - Special tribunals can be set up in special circumstances.
Ex: Land Tribunal, Tax Tribunals for Foreign Exports and Imports.
* In 1947, in the case of L. Chandrakumar Vs Government of India, the S.C. ruled that appeals against the verdicts given by state Tribunals can be made not only in the S.C. but also in the H.C.

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Non-Constitutional, Non-Statutory Bodies

I. Planning Commission:
> Social and economic planning items are in the Concurrent List.
> In 1946, it was established based on the advice of the Planning Advisory Board headed by K.C. Neogy.
> It was established in 1950 through a Union Cabinet resolution.
> It is only an advisory body.
> The Prime Minister is its Chairman.
> The Union Cabinet appoints the Vice-Chairman.
> The Vice-Chairman acts as the 'de facto Chairman'.
> As the Vice-Chairman is given the status of a Union Cabinet Minister, he can attend Cabinet meetings.
> 4-7 full-time members can be appointed by the Union Cabinet.
> Members are given the status of Minister of State.
> Since 1947, the Planning & Union Finance Ministers have been acting as Ec-officio members.
> The term of members is 5 yrs. But the Union Cabinet can extend it.
> It is called "Economic Cabinet," "Super Cabinet," "Parallel Cabinet".*
> First. Chairman - Nehru
> First Vice-Chairman - Gulzarilal Nanda
> Regular Vice-Chairman - V.T. Krishnamachari
> Current Vice-Chairman - Montek Singh Ahluwalia.
> In 1956, a Planning Evaluation Department was formed.
> 12 commissions work in conjunction with the Planning Commission.
> The Commission collects information through them.
> The office of this commission - Yojana Bhavan
Official Magazine - Yojana

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