winners local bodies

Local Bodies (స్థానిక సంస్థలు)

Let's discuss Local Bodies. This is how we need to study them. How many marks can we expect, for example in Group 2 level, 4-5 can be expected, for other exams 1-2 marks can be expected

We need to go through this concept thoroughly

If we are thorough with the constitutional aspects, we can score well. First, we need to understand what Local Bodies are, the historical context, and the benefits of establishing them.

Benefits of Local Bodies

1. Decentralization of Governance (పరిపాలన వికేంద్రీకరణ) / Democratic Decentralization (ప్రజాస్వామ్య వికేంద్రీకరణ): This is a primary benefit. Local Bodies facilitate the distribution of power and resources from higher levels (central or state government) to the local level.

   It's expressed as:

   \[ \text{Democratic Decentralization} = \text{Distribution of (Powers + Resources + Responsibilities)} \]

   from higher levels to lower levels.

2. Increased Public Participation (ప్రజల భాగస్వామ్యాన్ని పెంపొందించడం): Local Bodies provide a platform for citizens to directly participate in governance and decision-making. This is often referred to as "Participatory Democracy."
3. Efficient Delivery of Government Schemes (ప్రభుత్వ పథకాలను ప్రజలకు అందించడం) Local Bodies help deliver government schemes directly to beneficiaries in a more efficient and accessible way.
4. Leadership Training Grounds (న్యాయకత్వ శిక్షణాలయాలు): They serve as training grounds for future leaders, providing experience in governance at the grassroots level. The example provided is of Venkaiah Naidu.
5. Representation for Certain Groups (కొన్ని వర్గాల ప్రజలకి ప్రాతినిధ్యం) Local Bodies ensure representation for marginalized groups like SCs, STs, BCs, and women through reservations.
6. Resource Assessment and Utilization (స్థానికంగా ఉండే వనరులను అంచనా వేసి ఉపయోగించుకోవడం): They allow for assessment and effective utilization of local resources. For example, using village ponds for fish farming and auctioning the rights, or using income from trees on village land.
7. Bridge Between Government and People (ప్రభుత్వానికి ప్రజలకు మధ్య వారధి) Local bodies act as an intermediary between the government and the people, ensuring that people's issues are addressed and government schemes are delivered effectively.
8. Reduced Burden on Higher Levels of Government (ప్రభుత్వం పై ఒత్తిడిని తగ్గిస్తాయి) By handling local issues, they reduce the administrative burden on the state and central governments.

Types of Local Bodies

There are two main types:

1. Panchayati Raj Institutions (పంచాయతీరాజ్ సంస్థలు): for Rural areas.
2. Urban Local Bodies (పట్టణ సంస్థలు): for Urban areas.

Panchayati Raj Institutions (3-Tier System)

Level	Institution
Village Level (గ్రామ స్థాయిలో)	Gram Panchayat (గ్రామ పంచాయతీ)
Block/Mandal Level (మండల స్థాయిలో)	Mandal Parishad (మండల పరిషత్) / Block / Samiti
District Level (జిల్లా స్థాయిలో)	Zilla Parishad (జిల్లా పరిషత్)

Urban Local Bodies (3-Tier System)

Level	Institution
Transitional Area	Nagar Panchayat (నగర పంచాయతీ)
Smaller Urban Area	Municipality (మున్సిపాలిటీ)
Larger Urban Area	Municipal Corporation (మున్సిపాల్ కార్పొరేషన్)

Nagar Panchayats are formed with 25000 population with more than 75% working in non agriculture sector and more than 400 \( / km^2 \) population density.

Municipalities are for 25000- 3 lakh population. More than 3 lakh population leads to Municipal Corporation.

Constitutional Provisions

• 7th Schedule: Deals with the division of powers (అధికారాల పంపిణీ) between the Union and the States. It contains three lists:
  1. Union List (కేంద్ర జాబితా) currently having 98 items.
  2. State List (రాష్ట్ర జాబితా) currently having 59 items.
  3. Concurrent List (ఉమ్మడి జాబితా) currently having 52 items.
• Panchayati Raj Institutions are granted powers over 29 subjects.
• Urban Local Bodies are granted powers over 18 subjects.

Reservations in Local Bodies

Category	Reservation
SC/ST	Based on their population proportion
BC	Reservation percentage determined by the respective State Legislature.
Women	Not less than 1/3rd (one-third) of the total seats. In many states like AP and Telangana, it's 50%.