Okay, here are the structured notes in English based on the provided Telugu transcript.
Previous discussion covered the Irrigation sector in Indian Agriculture. This session focuses on major Agricultural Development Programs currently being implemented in India, especially trending schemes.
Goal: Doubling Farmers' Income (Target mentioned as 2022, based on 2018 comparison).Vision @2047: Make India a developed nation by its 100th year of independence, requiring the upliftment of farmers whose incomes often lag.Core Problems Addressed by Schemes: Low farmer income. Demand-Supply Mismatch: Growing crops with low market demand (e.g., excess paddy) while neglecting high-demand crops.Irrigation Gaps: Lack of adequate irrigation facilities for all cultivable land.Market Access & Pricing: Insufficient market infrastructure leading to farmers not getting remunerative prices (Minimum Support Price - MSP often not realized).Farmer Distress: Instances of farmers resorting to dumping or burning produce due to extremely low prices.
Context: Recognized as a significant focus area to boost production and consumption.India's Position: Major global producer (approx. 20% world share). Dominant Asian producer (approx. 80% share).
Yield Advantage: India's average millet yield (1239 kg/ha ) slightly surpasses the world average (1229 kg/ha ).Rationale for Promotion: High international demand, nutritional benefits, suitability for Indian conditions.Government Action: India proposed and promoted the UN declaration of 2023 as IYoM.Nutri-Cereals Sub-Mission: A dedicated program under the National Food Security Mission (NFSM) to promote millet cultivation, mentioned as covering 212 districts across 14 states.Key Institution: Indian Institute of Millet Research (IIMR) is located inRajendranagar, Hyderabad . (Noted as important for exams).Note: Speaker mentioned India's millet production around 60 million tonnes [04:47], which seems very high for millets alone and might be inaccurate.
Definition: Industry converting raw agricultural produce into consumable or value-added products.Importance: Creates stable demand for farm produce. Helps farmers get better prices, especially during market gluts. Reduces post-harvest losses. Generates employment. Boosts exports.
Growth: Mentioned an average annual growth rate of 8.3% (approx. 2018-2021).Contribution: Employment: 12.2% of the registered manufacturing sector (ASI 2019-20). Exports: Agro-food products accounted for 10.9% of India's total exports (2021-22).
Government Support: Actively promoted, especially under Atmanirbhar Bharat.PM-FME Scheme: (Pradhan Mantri Formalisation of Micro food processing Enterprises) Launched in 2020 to support micro-level food processing units.
Purpose: Facilitate movement of agricultural produce (especially perishables like fruits, vegetables, fish, meat) via air cargo to improve market access and reduce transit time.Krishi Udan 1.0: Initial launch.Krishi Udan 2.0 (Launched Oct 2021): Special focus on North-Eastern states , hilly, and tribal areas where connectivity is poor.Aims to connect several airports in these regions (mentioned 25 initially, potentially expanded).
Implementing Agencies: Ministry of Civil Aviation, supported by Airports Authority of India (AAI) and AAICLAS.Benefit: Faster access to domestic and international markets, potentially higher prices for farmers, reduced wastage.
Need: Reduce over-reliance on water-intensive crops (paddy, sugarcane, wheat) and shift towards crops with better demand and resource use efficiency.Rationale: Address issues like falling water tables, soil degradation, and market gluts for certain crops.Promoted Crops: Oilseeds, Pulses, Millets (identified as having good demand).Government Strategy: Financial incentives to states (speaker mentioned 50-year interest-free loans - this specific detail might need verification ).Encouraging states to develop specific diversification plans. Using schemes like RKVY in Green Revolution states (Punjab, Haryana, UP) to push diversification. Promoting alternative crops in traditional tobacco-growing areas (AP, Bihar, Gujarat, etc.). Ensuring MSP for diversified crops.
Purpose: Application of drone technology for agricultural modernization.Uses: Spraying fertilizers and pesticides efficiently (precision agriculture). Land mapping and surveying. Crop surveillance and health monitoring.
Government Promotion: Part of the Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM).Financial Assistance/Subsidies: 100% grant (up to ₹10 lakh): For ICAR institutes, Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), State Agricultural Universities (SAUs).Subsidies for Farmers/Groups: 50% (up to ₹5 lakh): For SC/ST, Small & Marginal farmers, Women farmers, farmers of North-Eastern states. 40% (up to ₹4 lakh): For other individual farmers.
Support for Custom Hiring Centres (CHCs).
Goal: Improve input efficiency, reduce costs, enhance farm productivity. Target to establish 15,000 drone centers mentioned.
Context: Linked to Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) - 'Per Drop More Crop'.Objective: Promote water use efficiency through drip and sprinkler irrigation.Funding: Established with NABARD. Initial corpus ₹5000 Cr, later augmented to ₹10,000 Cr.Mechanism: NABARD provides concessional loans (3% interest mentioned) to State Governments to subsidize and implement micro-irrigation systems.Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare.Impact: Aims to bring more area under micro-irrigation. Significant fund allocation noted for states like Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat, AP.
Full Form: Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay Sanrakshan Abhiyan.Primary Goal: Ensure farmers receive remunerative prices for their produce, specifically aiming for MSP equivalent to at least 1.5 times the cost of production. Addresses distress sales below MSP.Key Components (explained by speaker): Price Support Scheme (PSS): Government agencies (FCI, NAFED etc.) physically procure crops at MSP if market prices fall.Price Deficiency Payment Scheme (PDPS): Farmers are compensated for the difference between MSP and the lower market price, without physical procurement.Private Procurement & Stockist Scheme (PPSS): Pilot basis for private sector participation in MSP operations.
Credit Guarantee Fund: A fund (mentioned ₹45,000 Cr) established to provide guarantees to banks, ensuring procurement agencies have funds to buy crops at MSP.
Brief mention of the importance of knowing key agricultural research and development institutions and their headquarters (examples like IIMR-Hyderabad, NRRI-Cuttack, IIWBR-Karnal were given).
These schemes represent recent efforts to address challenges and modernize Indian agriculture. Preview of next topic: Discussion on the (now repealed) new Farm Laws.
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