Instances of Emergencies - National & State

Comprehensive Summary: Instances of Emergencies - National & State (Telugu Text)

Source: Summarized from Telugu Text Image

Instances of National Emergency (జాతీయ అత్యవసర పరిస్థితులు విధించిన సందర్భాలు)

   

       
• I. 1962 (China War):            
                 
  • National Emergency declared during 1962 due to the war with China, during the tenure of the Nehru government.
                 
  • Continued until 1967.
             
         
       
• II. 1971 (Bangladesh Liberation War):            
                 
  • Second National Emergency declared in 1971 by the Indira Gandhi government during the Bangladesh Liberation War (war with Pakistan).
                 
  • Lasted until 1977.
             
         
       
• III. 1975 (Internal Security):            
                 
  • In 1975, the Indira Gandhi government declared a National Emergency citing internal security reasons.
                 
  • Notably, from 1975 to 1977, two National Emergencies were simultaneously in effect in India due to different reasons.
             
         
       
• 1965 (Pakistan War):            
                 
  • No separate National Emergency was declared specifically during the 1965 war with Pakistan.
             
         
   

Constitutional Emergency (రాజ్యాంగ అత్యవసర పరిస్థితి) - Article 356

* Constitutional Emergency, also known as President's Rule or Central Rule, is imposed under Article 356.

* This emergency is declared when the constitutional machinery in a state fails.

Reasons for Constitutional Machinery Failure (రాజ్యాంగ యంత్రాంగ వైఫల్యమనగా)

Failure of constitutional machinery in a state can include situations such as:

   

       
• Deterioration of law and order.
       
• Frequent collapse of state governments.
       
• Failure to form an alternative government.
       
• Absence of a government formation.
       
• Government dysfunction.
       
• Non-compliance by states with the directions of the Central Government (Article 365).
   

Process of Imposing Constitutional Emergency

* The President may impose Constitutional Emergency based on the report sent by the Governor, after consulting with the Central Council of Ministers.

* The President can also make a decision based on the advice of the Central Council of Ministers.

* The President can send back the advice of the Central Council of Ministers for reconsideration.

* Example: In 1997, President K.R. Narayanan returned the recommendation of the UDF (United Democratic Front - Third Front) government to dismiss the Kalyan Singh government in UP and impose President's Rule.

This is a comprehensive summary translated from the Telugu text image. For detailed information, please refer to original sources on the Indian Constitution and government websites.