Literacy (Aksharaasyata) - Based on 2011 Census part 7

 Okay, here are the notes from the Telugu lecture on Indian Demography, focusing on the 2011 Census data regarding Literacy, SC, and ST populations.

Recap of Previous Class Topics (Covered up to Last Class):

1. 2011 Census Overview: Basic data.

2. Population Density (Jana Sandrata)

3. Sex Ratio (Linga Nishpatti)

4. Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years)

5. Rural Population (Grameena Janaabha)

6. Urbanization (Pattaneekarana)

7. Population Growth Rates (Janaabha Vruddhi Retulu)

Today's Main Topic: Literacy (Aksharaasyata) - Based on 2011 Census

• Importance: Literacy is stressed as a very important topic for exams, similar in importance to Sex Ratio. Questions are highly expected.

• Definition of Literate:

  • A person aged 7 years and above.

  • Who can both read and write with understanding in any one language.

  • The language can be any of the 22 languages recognized in the 8th Schedule of the Indian Constitution (though the core definition doesn't strictly limit it to only these for census purposes, it's the common reference).

  • Key point: The lecture emphasizes reading or writing initially ([0:01:29]) but later clarifies the standard definition involves both reading and writing ([0:07:09] implicit in formula discussion, standard census definition). The 7+ age group is critical.

• Literacy Formula:

  • Literacy Rate = (Number of Literates aged 7+ / Population aged 7+) * 100

• Literacy Numbers (2011 Census - India):

  • Total Population (2011): 121.09 Crore

  • Total Literates (7+ age): Approx. 74.04 Crore (Speaker initially says 74.35 Cr [0:03:20], but the percentage calculation later implies ~74 Cr range, and 74.04% is standard).

  • Male Literates: 43.47 Crore

  • Female Literates: 30.88 Crore (Speaker seems to mix up figures later, 30.88 is derived from total and male).

  • Rural Literates: 48.27 Crore

  • Urban Literates: 28.8 Crore (Speaker says 28.8 initially [0:04:05], calculation might vary slightly based on exact total/rural figs).

• Literacy Rates (India):

  • 2001: 64.8%

  • 2011: 73.0% (Standard Census Figure).

    • Note: The speaker repeatedly emphasizes that APPSC (Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission) and other exams often use 74.04% as the 2011 figure based on their answer keys ([0:04:48], [0:09:24]). It's crucial to be aware of both figures and check context/source for exams.

  • Female Literacy (2011): 65.46% (Increased from 53.7% in 2001)

  • Male Literacy (2011): 82.14% (Increased from 75.3% in 2001)

  • Gender Gap: The gap between Male and Female literacy rates decreased from 21.6% in 2001 to 16.68% in 2011.

  • Growth: Female literacy rate grew faster than male literacy rate between 2001 and 2011 (Female increase: ~11.7 points, Male increase: ~6.8 points).

• Literacy by Religion:

  • Highest Literacy Rate: Jains (86.7%)

  • Lowest Literacy Rate: Muslims (58% approx - speaker mentions 58%, standard figure closer to 57.3% but 58% used in lecture context)

• State Rankings (Number of Literates):

  • Highest: 1. Uttar Pradesh, 2. Maharashtra

  • Lowest: 1. Sikkim, 2. Arunachal Pradesh

• UT Rankings (Number of Literates):

  • Highest: 1. Delhi, 2. Chandigarh

  • Lowest: 1. Lakshadweep, 2. Daman & Diu

• State Rankings (Literacy Rate % - Very Important):

  • Highest: 1. Kerala (94.0%), 2. Mizoram (91.3%), 3. Goa (88.7%)

  • Lowest: 1. Bihar (61.8%), 2. Arunachal Pradesh (65.4%), 3. Rajasthan (66.1%)

• UT Rankings (Literacy Rate %):

  • Highest: Lakshadweep

  • Lowest: Dadra & Nagar Haveli

• Female Literacy Rate Rankings (States - Very Important):

  • Highest: 1. Kerala, 2. Mizoram, 3. Tripura (Note: Goa is 3rd in overall literacy, but Tripura is 3rd in Female literacy)

  • Lowest: 1. Rajasthan, 2. Bihar, 3. Jharkhand

• Female Literacy Rate Rankings (UTs):

  • Highest: Lakshadweep

  • Lowest: Dadra & Nagar Haveli (Same as overall UT rankings)

• Historical Literacy Rates (India):

  • 1947: 12%

  • 1951: 18.33%

SC Population (Scheduled Castes - 2011 Census):

• Total SC Population (2011): 20.14 Crore (Increased from 16.21 Crore in 2001)

• Growth (2001-2011): Increased by 3.93 Crore.

• Male/Female Growth: Roughly equal increase for males and females.

• Percentage of Total Population (2011): 16.6% (Speaker mentions this around [28:58])

• States without SC Population: Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh

• UTs without SC Population: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep

• States - Highest SC Population (Number): 1. Uttar Pradesh, 2. West Bengal

• States - Lowest SC Population (Number): 1. Mizoram, 2. Meghalaya, 3. Goa

• States - Highest SC Population (% of state population): 1. Punjab, 2. Himachal Pradesh

• States - Lowest SC Population (% of state population): 1. Mizoram, 2. Meghalaya

• UTs - Highest SC Population (Number): Chandigarh, Puducherry (Speaker mentioned this, needs verification as Delhi usually higher number).

• UTs - Lowest SC Population (Number): Daman & Diu, Dadra & Nagar Haveli

• UTs - Highest SC Population (%): Chandigarh, Delhi

• UTs - Lowest SC Population (%): Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu

ST Population (Scheduled Tribes - 2011 Census):

• Total ST Population (2011): 10.43 Crore (Approx. - Increased from 8.43 Crore in 2001)

• Growth (2001-2011): Increased by approx. 2 Crore.

• Male/Female Growth: Female ST population growth was slightly higher than male ST growth between 2001-2011 (Female ~1.02 Cr increase, Male ~0.98 Cr increase). This is a notable point.

• Percentage of Total Population (2011): 8.6%

• States without ST Population: Punjab, Haryana

• UTs without ST Population: Delhi, Chandigarh, Puducherry

• States - Highest ST Population (Number): 1. Madhya Pradesh, 2. Maharashtra, 3. Odisha

• States - Lowest ST Population (Number): Not explicitly focused on lowest number, as percentage is more relevant here due to some states having zero STs.

• States - Highest ST Population (% of state population - Very Important): 1. Mizoram, 2. Nagaland, 3. Meghalaya

• States - Lowest ST Population (% of state population - among states with STs): 1. Uttar Pradesh, 2. Tamil Nadu, 3. Bihar

• UTs - Highest ST Population (%): 1. Lakshadweep, 2. Dadra & Nagar Haveli

• UTs - Lowest ST Population (%): 1. Daman & Diu, 2. Andaman & Nicobar Islands

Key Takeaways & Speaker Emphasis:

• Literacy, SC Population, and ST Population data (especially rankings by percentage and states/UTs without these populations) are crucial for exams.

• Pay attention to the difference between rankings based on absolute numbers versus percentages.

• Note the specific difference in India's 2011 literacy rate figure used in Census (73%) vs. some exam keys (74.04%).

• The decrease in the gender gap in literacy is important.

• Female literacy growth being higher than male literacy growth (2001-2011) is significant.

• Female ST population growth being higher than male ST population growth (2001-2011) is also a specific point mentioned.

• Memorizing the top 3 and bottom 3 states/UTs for key indicators (Literacy %, Female Literacy %, SC %, ST %) is recommended.