Here are the notes based on the provided Telugu transcript about Indian Five-Year Plans:
Priority Aspects (ప్రాధాన్యత అంశాలు) Each plan had a specific core priority. 1st Plan: Agriculture (వ్యవసాయం) 2nd Plan: Industries (పరిశ్రమలు) 3rd Plan: Self-Sufficiency (స్వయం సమృద్ధి) - Specifically in food grains (ఆహార ధాన్యాలు). India producing its own food, not depending on other countries. 4th Plan: Economic Self-Reliance (ఆర్థిక స్వావలంబన) - The ability to earn enough foreign exchange through exports to pay for necessary imports. Not just food, but overall economy. 5th Plan: Poverty Eradication (పేదరిక నిర్మూలన) - Given high priority. Mentioned as being asked in Group 2 exam 2016. 6th Plan: Technical Self-Reliance (సాంకేతిక స్వావలంబన) - Earning foreign exchange from technology/goods produced using technology to pay for importing needed technology/goods. 7th Plan: Poverty Eradication through Food Production and Employment (ఆహార ఉత్పత్తి, ఉద్యోగిత పెంచడం ద్వారా దారిద్ర్య నిర్మూలన) 8th Plan: Human Resource Development (మానవ వనరుల అభివృద్ధి) 9th Plan: Growth with Social Justice (సామాజిక న్యాయముతో కూడిన అభివృద్ధి) - Aimed at helping socially backward sections/regions catch up. 10th Plan: Agriculture and Poverty (వ్యవసాయానికి మరియు పేదరికానికి) - High priority for both. 11th Plan: Inclusive, Faster, Higher Growth (సమ్మిళితమైన, సత్వరమైన, అధిక వృద్ధి) - Inclusive growth means growth across all sections, regions, and sectors, not just wealthy ones. 12th Plan: Faster, More Inclusive, Sustainable Development (సత్వరమైన, మరింత సమ్మిళితమైన, కొనసాగించగల అభివృద్ధి) - More Inclusive than 11th. Sustainable means development that doesn't compromise future generations' ability to meet their needs.
Formulators/Designers (రూపకర్తలు) Not all plans had specific, designated individual formulators. 1st Plan: Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya (మోక్షగుండం విశ్వేశ్వరయ్య) 2nd Plan: P.C. Mahalanobis (పి.సి. మహలనోబిస్) 3rd Plan: Pitambar Pant & Ashok Mehta (పీతాంబర్ సేట్ అండ్ అశోక్ మెహతా) 4th Plan: D.R. Gadgil (డి.ఆర్. గాడ్గిల్) 5th Plan: D.P. Dhar (డి.పి. ధర్) 6th Plan: Dr. Lakdawala (డాక్టర్ లక్డావాల) 7th Plan onwards: The Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission typically acted as the formulator for the subsequent plans. The speaker emphasizes only the first six having distinct individual formulators.
Growth Models (వృద్ధి నమూనాలు) Only some plans were explicitly associated with specific growth models. 1st Plan: Harrod-Domar Model (హార్డ్ డోమర్) 2nd Plan: Mahalanobis' Four-Sector Model (మహలనోబిస్ యొక్క నాలుగు రంగాల నమూనా) 3rd Plan: Harrod-Domar Model (హార్డ్ డోమర్) 4th Plan: A.S. Manne & Ashok Rudra Model (ఏఎస్ మన్నే అండ్ అశోక్ రుద్రాల నమూనా) 8th Plan: LPG Model / Rao-Singla Model (ఎల్పీజీ నమూనా / రావు సింగ్ల నమూనా) - Represents Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization. Rao = PV Narasimha Rao, Singla = Manmohan Singh. 10th Plan: PURA Model (పురా నమూనా) - Developed by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam. (Provision of Urban Amenities to Rural Areas). Other plans (5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12): No specific named models discussed in this context.
Growth Rates (వృద్ధి రేట్లు) Highly important topic for exams. Both Target and Achieved rates are crucial. Growth Rate refers to the planned/achieved average annual percentage increase in National Income (or GDP/GNP, depending on the period and metric used). Plan | Target Growth Rate | Achieved Growth Rate | Result 1st | 2.1% | 3.6% | Success (అత్యంత విజయవంతం - exceeded target) 2nd | 4.5% | 4.3% | Failure (దాదాపు రీచ్ అయినా విఫలం) 3rd | 5.6% | 2.4% | Worst Failure (అత్యంత దారుణంగా విఫలమైన ప్రణాళిక) - Due to wars (China 1962, Pakistan 1965) and drought (1965-66). 4th | 5.7% | 3.4% | Failure 5th | 4.4% | 4.8% | Success (target lowered from 5.5% to 4.4% mid-plan) 6th | 5.2% | 5.7% | Success 7th | 5.0% | 6.0% | Success 8th | 5.6% | 6.8% | Success (Highest growth among successful plans) 9th | 6.5% | 5.7% | Failure (First to target > 6%) 10th | 8.0% | 7.6% | Failure (First to target 8%) 11th | 8.1% (initially 9%, NTC reduced to 8.2%, speaker quotes 8.1%) | 8.0% (based on 2004-05 series, NITI Aayog report) / 7.5% (based on 2011-12 series) | Failure (vs target) but Highest overall achieved growth rate. 12th | 8.0% | 6.78% (approx 6.8%) | Failure Summary for Growth Rates: Successful Plans: 1, 5, 6, 7, 8 Failed Plans: 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12 Worst Failure: 3rd Plan (2.4%) Highest Achieved: 11th Plan (8.0% - 2004-05 base). Note the ambiguity with 7.5% (2011-12 base) and check exam options. Successful Plan with Highest Growth: 8th Plan (6.8%)
Higher Allocations (అధిక కేటాయింపులు) Focus on the sector that received the highest percentage of the total plan outlay. Percentages are less important than the sector itself, but examples are given for clarity. 1st Plan: Agriculture (31%) 2nd Plan: Transport & Communication (28%) (supporting industry) 3rd Plan: Transport & Communication 4th Plan: Agriculture 5th Plan: Industry & Minerals 6th Plan: Energy/Power (శక్తి) (28%) 7th Plan: Energy/Power (28%) 8th Plan: Energy/Power (26.8%) 9th Plan: Transport & Communication 10th Plan: Social Services (సాంఘిక సేవలు) (26.5%) 11th Plan: Social Services (30%) 12th Plan: Social Services (35%) Key Takeaways for Allocations: Know the top sector for each plan.
Per Capita Income Growth Rates (తలసరి ఆదాయ వృద్ధి రేట్లు) Average annual percentage increase in per capita income. Plan | Achieved Per Capita Income Growth Rate 1st | 1.8% 2nd | 1.9% 3rd | 0.2% (Lowest) 4th | 1.0% 5th | 2.7% 6th | 3.2% (First time crossing 3%) 7th | 3.7% 8th | 4.6% 9th | 3.4% 10th | 5.9% (First time crossing 5%, marks acceleration) 11th | 6.0% (Highest) - Note: This is the PCI growth, not overall growth. Speaker confirms 6.0% for 11th PCI growth. 12th | 5.26% (approx 5.3% or 5.2%) Summary for PCI Growth Rates: Lowest: 3rd Plan (0.2%) Highest: 11th Plan (6.0%) Growth crossed 3% from 6th plan onwards. Growth crossed 5% from 10th plan onwards (significant acceleration period). Exam questions are likely on 11th/12th plans and the lowest/highest.
Prioritizing learning the categories (Priority, Formulator, Model, Growth Rate, Allocation, PCI Growth Rate) and thespecific item for each plan within that category is more effective than trying to memorize plan details individually.Pay special attention to: Priority Aspects of all plans. Formulators for the first 6 plans. Growth Models for plans 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 10. Overall Growth Rates: Target vs Achieved, Success/Failure, Highest/Lowest (especially 3rd and 11th). Be aware of the 11th plan's multiple achieved growth rates (8.0% vs 7.5%) and which one exams tend to ask based on NITI Aayog (8.0%). Higher Allocations: The sector prioritized in each plan.Per Capita Income Growth Rates: Highest/Lowest (especially 3rd and 11th), and the periods of acceleration (from 6th, from 10th plan).
Practice writing these down together for each plan. Comparing plans within each category (e.g., which plan had highest/lowest growth, which plan first targeted a certain growth rate) is key. Specific exam-related questions highlighted: 5th Plan: Poverty Eradication 11th Plan: Highest Overall Growth, Highest Per Capita Income Growth 3rd Plan: Worst Failure (Lowest Overall Growth, Lowest Per Capita Income Growth) 11th Plan & 12th Plan: Growth Rate Targets and Achieved, Per Capita Growth Rates (check for different base years). Which plan period saw per capita income growth exceed 6%? (11th Plan) Which plan period saw per capita income growth exceed 3%? (From 6th Plan onwards) Which plan period saw per capita income growth accelerate significantly/exceed 5%? (From 10th Plan onwards)
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