Paper Plans part 9

 Okay, here are the notes from the transcript, structured by the plans discussed.

Introduction: Paper Plans (కాగితపు ప్రణాళికలు - Kaagithapu Pranaalikalu)

• Term refers to plans developed before India's independence.

• Developed by private individuals/groups.

• Were not implemented but remained "on paper".

• Aimed to provide a framework for national development after independence.

Key Pre-Independence Paper Plans:

1. Bombay Plan (బొంబాయి ప్రణాళిక / ముంబై ప్రణాళిక)

   • Developed by: 8 industrialists from Bombay.

     • J.R.D. Tata

     • G.D. Birla

     • Ardeshir Dalal

     • Sir Purshotamdas Thakur

     • Kasturbhai Lalbhai

     • Shri Ram

     • A.D. Shroff

     • John Matthai

   • Period: 1943-1944 (Started 1943, completed 1944)

   • Basis: Based on the characteristics of a Capitalist Economic System.

   • Investment Target: ₹10,000 Crores over 15 years.

   • Main Goal: To double per capita income in 15 years (from ₹65/year to ₹130/year).

   • Sectoral Growth Targets (approximate):

     • Agriculture: 130% increase

     • Industry: 500% increase

     • Services: 200% increase

   • Overall Goal: Achieve overall development (Sarvatōmukhābhiruddhi).

2. Gandhi Plan (గాంధీ ప్రణాళిక)

   • Developed by: Sriman Narayan Agarwal (Not Mahatma Gandhi himself).

   • Period: 1944-1945 (Started 1944, completed 1945)

   • Basis: Based on Gandhian ideas, prioritizing small-scale industries.

   • Investment Target: ₹3,500 Crores over 10 years.

   • Priority Sectors: Agriculture and Small-Scale Industries (చిన్న తరహా పరిశ్రమలు).

   • Connection to Post-Independence Planning: The focus on small-scale industries in the Gandhi Plan influenced the 1978 Janata Government's Industrial Policy.

     • The 1978 policy was part of the Continuous Plan (నిరంతర ప్రణాళిక) period (1978-1980), under PM Morarji Desai.

     • The 1977 Janata Govt Industrial Policy Resolution (introduced Dec 23, 1977, by Finance Minister Haribhai M. Patel) gave highest priority to small-scale industries.

     • To promote small industries, District Industrial Centres (DICs) were established in 1978 at the district level.

     • DICs provided support like licenses, subsidies, land (1979 onwards saw 'Industrial Clusters').

     • 1978 is considered the Golden Age (స్వర్ణ యుగం) for small-scale industries in India due to these efforts.

3. People's Plan (ప్రజా ప్రణాళిక - Praja Pranaalika)

   • Developed by: M.N. Roy (Founder of the Communist Party of India & Radical Democratic Party).

   • Period: 1945

   • Basis: Based on the characteristics of a Socialist Economic System.

   • Investment Target: ₹15,000 Crores over 10 years.

   • Priority Sectors: Agriculture and Basic Industries (మౌలిక పరిశ్రమలు).

   • Basic Industries: Industries that form the base for others, especially agriculture-based industries (e.g., textiles, sugar) and those with significant linkages (like Iron & Steel), enabling widespread employment and development (connects to Hirschman's unbalanced growth theory).

Post-Independence Paper Plan:

1. Sarvodaya Plan (సర్వోదయ ప్రణాళిక)

   • Developed by: Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan (JP).

   • Period: 1950 (Developed after independence).

   • Basis: Based on the principles of Acharya Vinoba Bhave's Sarvodaya Program.

   • Sarvodaya Program: Emphasized voluntary donation of land (Bhoodan), wealth (Sampatidan), etc., and collective well-being.

   • Status: Was not implemented.

   • Note: Jayaprakash Narayan's Jayanti is on October 11th. The Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana scheme was launched on Oct 11, 2014, referencing his birthday.

Influence on India's Five-Year Plans:

• The Bombay Plan, Gandhi Plan, and People's Plan themselves were not implemented directly.

• However, their ideas and objectives were considered and incorporated when designing India's Five-Year Plans (starting with the First Plan in 1951).

  • Bombay Plan's idea of doubling income was considered.

  • Gandhi Plan's idea of prioritizing agriculture and small industries was considered.

  • People's Plan's idea of prioritizing agriculture and basic industries was considered.

• The ideas and objectives of the Sarvodaya Plan were NOT incorporated into India's Five-Year Plans.