Reasons for Annual Plans part 17

 Okay, here are the notes from the Telugu video transcript, focusing on the key economic and planning developments discussed:

Context: Period Between 3rd and 4th Five-Year Plans

• The video discusses the period after the 3rd Five-Year Plan and before the commencement of the 4th Five-Year Plan.

• Instead of a Five-Year Plan, India implemented three Annual Plans from 1966 to 1969.

  • 1966-67

  • 1967-68

  • 1968-69

Reasons for Annual Plans (Plan Holiday - ప్రణాళిక విరామము)

• The shift to Annual Plans was due to severe crises:

  • 1962 Indo-China War

  • 1965 Indo-Pakistan War

  • 1965-66 Severe Drought

• These events heavily impacted India's economic situation, making it difficult to launch a new Five-Year Plan.

• Indira Gandhi's government declared this period a "Plan Holiday."

• It was an "official plan holiday" (అధికారిక ప్రణాళిక విరామము) as it was pre-announced.

Expenditure during Annual Plans (1966-69)

• Targeted expenditure: ₹6,843 crores

• Actual expenditure: ₹6,628 crores

Key Development Programs & Policies (1966-1969)

I. Green Revolution (హరిత విప్లవం)

• Introduced in the Kharif Season of 1966.

• Aimed at a revolutionary transformation in the agricultural sector.

• Two Main Programs:

  1. HYVP (High Yielding Varieties Programme - అధిక దిగుబడినిచ్చే వంగడాల కార్యక్రమం):

     • Focused on using seeds that give high yields.

     • Imported High-Yield Seeds:

       • Wheat (from Mexico): Sonara 64, Lerma Rojo 64, Miracle Wheat.

       • Rice (from Malaysia): Masuri.

       • Rice (from Taiwan): Taichung Native 1.

       • Rice (from Sri Lanka): H4.

       • Rice (from IRRI - International Rice Research Institute): Intensive Rice varieties.

  2. NAS (New Agricultural Strategy - నూతన వ్యవసాయ వ్యూహం):

     • Focused on modernizing agricultural practices.

     • Key elements:

       • Use of artificial/chemical fertilizers.

       • Pesticides.

       • Agricultural machinery and modern equipment.

• Impact:

  • Significant increase in food grain production (estimated 20-30% in some areas).

  • Achieved higher output in a shorter time.

• Origin of the term "Green Revolution":

  • Coined by William S. Gaud in 1968 at the World Agricultural Development Conference in Germany.

  • He described it as the rapid increase in production achieved by countries using high-yield seeds and modern inputs.

• Pioneers:

  • Global (Mexico): Norman Borlaug (supported by the Rockefeller Foundation) is considered the father of the Green Revolution globally, starting in Mexico in the 1950s.

  • India: M.S. Swaminathan is considered the father of the Green Revolution in India (supported by the Ford Foundation).

• Exam Relevance:

  • Green Revolution in India occurred during the Annual Plans (1966-69).

  • Specifically started in Kharif Season 1966 (or June 1966 / 1966-67).

II. National Textile Corporation (NTC)

• Established in 1968.

• Purpose: To take over and revive "sick" (loss-making or bankrupt) textile mills.

• The textile industry was India's largest traditional industry, but many mills faced issues due to competition.

III. MRTP Act (Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act - ఏకస్వామ్య వ్యాపార నియంత్రణ క్రమబద్ధీకరణ చట్టం)

• Enacted in 1969.

• Based on: Recommendations of the Subimal Dutt Committee. (The Monopolies Enquiry Commission 1967, headed by K.C. Dasgupta, also highlighted issues of monopolies).

• Purpose:

  • To control monopolies.

  • To prevent the concentration of economic power.

  • To curb restrictive trade practices.

• Definition of Monopoly under MRTP Act (asset-based thresholds, later revised):

  • 1969: Companies with assets > ₹25 crores.

  • 1980 (amendment): Assets > ₹50 crores.

  • 1985 (amendment): Assets > ₹100 crores.

  • 1991 (post-liberalization amendment): Asset limit removed; focus shifted to market share (e.g., >25% market share).

• MRTP Commission:

  • Established on June 1, 1970, to implement and enforce the MRTP Act.

  • The commission would grant permission for large investments to prevent undue concentration of economic power.

• Repeal of MRTP Act:

  • Recommended by the Raghavan Committee in 2000.

  • The MRTP Act was repealed in 2000.

• Replacement:

  • Competition Act, 2002 (came into force).

  • Implemented by the Competition Commission of India (CCI) from 2003.

General Rationale behind MRTP Act:

• Private monopolies could exploit consumers by raising prices.

• They lead to concentration of wealth and economic power in a few hands, increasing inequality.

• The Act aimed to ensure fair competition and prevent the negative consequences of monopolies.

• The speaker used an example of a large dairy company potentially displacing many small dairy farmers in a district like Adilabad to illustrate the problem of unchecked monopoly.

This covers the main points discussed in the provided transcript.