Okay, here are notes from the provided Telugu transcript about the Third Five-Year Plan (మూడవ ప్రణాళిక):
Context: Follows the details of the Second Five-Year Plan (last video).Time Period (కాలము): 1961-1966Priorities (ప్రాధాన్యత అంశం): స్వయం సమృద్ధి (Self-sufficiency) & స్వావలంబన (Self-reliance) Self-sufficiency: Producing all necessary goods domestically (భారత్ లోనే తయారు చేసుకోగలగడం) (e.g., Food Grains - ఆహార ధాన్యాలు were the specific focus for self-sufficiency in the 3rd plan).Self-reliance: Earning enough foreign exchange (like dollars) through exports (ఎగుమతులు) to pay for necessary imports (దిగుమతులు) (e.g., importing food grains until self-sufficiency is achieved).Complete self-sufficiency is practically impossible for any country.
Growth Model (వృద్ధి నమూనా): Harrod-Domar model (Same as the First Plan).Architects/Planners (రూపకర్తలు): Pitambar Set (పీతాంబర్ సెట్) Ashok Mehta (అశోక్ మెహతా)
Leadership: President (అధ్యక్షుడు): Jawaharlal Nehru (సేమ్) Vice-Presidents (ఉపాధ్యక్షులు): C.M. Trivedi (Chandulal Madhava Trivedi) (సి.ఎం. త్రివేది) Ashok Mehta (అశోక్ మెహతా)
Growth Rate (వృద్ధి రేటు): Target (లక్ష్యం): 5.6% Achieved (సాధించిన): 2.4% (Very low)
Per Capita Income Growth (తలసరి ఆదాయ వృద్ధి రేటు): Achieved (సాధించిన): 0.2% (Very low)
Reason for Low Per Capita Income Growth: Per Capita Income Growth = National Income Growth - Population Growth. The low per capita growth (0.2%) compared to national growth (2.4%) indicates a high population growth rate (~2.2%) during this period. High population growth offset the national income growth.
Expenditure (వ్యయము): Estimated (అంచనా వ్యయము): 7500 Crores Actual (వాస్తవ వ్యయము): 8577 Crores (Actual expenditure was higher than estimated for the first time).
Highest Fund Allocation (అధిక నిధులు కేటాయించినది): 1st: Transport & Communication (రవాణా సమాచారం) (~25%) 2nd: Industry & Minerals (పరిశ్రమలు మరియు ఖనిజాలు) (23%) 3rd: Agriculture & Irrigation (వ్యవసాయము మరియు నీటిపారుదల) (21%) 4th: Social Services (సాంఘిక సేవలు) (20%)
Special Features / Challenges (ప్రత్యేకతలు): Wars: 1962 Sino-Indian War (చైనాతో యుద్ధం), 1965 Indo-Pak War (పాకిస్తాన్ తో యుద్ధం). These diverted funds.Severe Drought: 1965-66 (తీవ్రమైన కరువు). Severely impacted agriculture.Political Instability: Three Prime Ministers during the period (Nehru died, Shastri died, Indira Gandhi took over).Description: Referred to as a "దారుణంగా విప్లమైన ప్రణాళిక" (Dreadfully failed plan) due to poor performance.Expenditure: First time actual expenditure exceeded the estimate.Price Rise: 36% increase in prices (ధరలు పెరిగాయి) - Highest price rise in any plan period.
Development Programs (అభివృద్ధి కార్యక్రమాలు): SLR (Statutory Liquidity Ratio) - 1962: చట్టబద్ధమైన ద్రవ్యత్వ నిష్పత్తి (Statutory Liquidity Ratio). A percentage of total deposits (డిపాజిట్లు) that commercial banks (వాణిజ్య బ్యాంకులు) must maintain. Unlike CRR (Cash Reserve Ratio), which must be kept with the RBI (ఆర్బిఐ) as cash (and earns no interest), SLR funds are kept by the bank itself .SLR funds must be maintained in liquid assets (ద్రవ్యత్వం ఉన్న ఆస్తులు). Liquid Assets Examples: Cash (నగదు), Gold (బంగారం), Deposits in other banks (పక్క బ్యాంకులో డిపాజిట్), Government Securities (ప్రభుత్వ సెక్యూరిటీస్), Shares (షేర్స్).Liquidity (ద్రవ్యత్వం): The ability of an asset to be quickly converted into cash without loss of value. (Cash is most liquid, Gold is next).Purpose: To ensure banks have sufficient liquid funds to meet unexpected demands (like sudden withdrawals) and prevent bank failures. Protects depositors' money.
NCDC (National Cooperative Development Corporation) - 1963: జాతీయ సహకార అభివృద్ధి సంస్థ. Focuses on developing the cooperative marketing system (సహకార మార్కెటింగ్ వ్యవస్థలు) in India (e.g., NAFED, MARKFED, DCMS, PACS). Role of Cooperative Marketing: Provides fair prices to farmers, purchases surplus agricultural produce after harvest, stores it, and releases it when needed.Acts as government agents for distributing agricultural inputs (fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, equipment) to farmers. Supports the establishment of warehouses/storage facilities (గిడ్డంగి సౌకర్యాలు) through the ICDP program.
ICDP (Integrated Cooperative Development Program): సమగ్ర సహకార అభివృద్ధి కార్యక్రమం (Started 1985, though mentioned in the 3rd plan context of NCDC's work). A program within NCDC focusing specifically on developing warehousing facilities in states.
ARDC (Agriculture Refinance Development Corporation) - 1963: వ్యవసాయ అభివృద్ధి పరోక్ష సహాయక సంస్థ (Indirect support institution for agricultural development). It performed the refinancing function for agricultural loans before NABARD was established.Refinancing: ARDC/NABARD doesnot directly lend to farmers. They refinance the banks (like cooperative banks or commercial banks) that lend to farmers.Predates NABARD (established in 1982 based on Shivraman Committee recommendations). Merged with NABARD in 1982, along with two pre-existing agricultural credit funds: Agriculture Stabilization Fund (వ్యవసాయ స్థిరీకరణ నిధి) (from 1957-58 Budget): Supported short-term agricultural loans (for inputs etc.). Agriculture Long-Term Operations Fund (వ్యవసాయ దీర్ఘకాలిక కార్యకలాపాల నిధి) (from 1957-58 Budget): Supported long-term agricultural loans (for tractors, land etc.).
These pre-NABARD mechanisms were not fully effective, leading to the creation of NABARD. NABARD now handles all agricultural refinancing.
No comments:
Post a Comment