Monday, May 5, 2025

Third Five-Year Plan part 15

 Okay, here are notes from the provided Telugu transcript about the Third Five-Year Plan (మూడవ ప్రణాళిక):

Third Five-Year Plan (మూడవ ప్రణాళిక)

  • Context: Follows the details of the Second Five-Year Plan (last video).

  • Time Period (కాలము): 1961-1966

  • Priorities (ప్రాధాన్యత అంశం):

    • స్వయం సమృద్ధి (Self-sufficiency) & స్వావలంబన (Self-reliance)

    • Self-sufficiency: Producing all necessary goods domestically (భారత్ లోనే తయారు చేసుకోగలగడం) (e.g., Food Grains - ఆహార ధాన్యాలు were the specific focus for self-sufficiency in the 3rd plan).

    • Self-reliance: Earning enough foreign exchange (like dollars) through exports (ఎగుమతులు) to pay for necessary imports (దిగుమతులు) (e.g., importing food grains until self-sufficiency is achieved).

    • Complete self-sufficiency is practically impossible for any country.

  • Growth Model (వృద్ధి నమూనా): Harrod-Domar model (Same as the First Plan).

  • Architects/Planners (రూపకర్తలు):

    • Pitambar Set (పీతాంబర్ సెట్)

    • Ashok Mehta (అశోక్ మెహతా)

  • Leadership:

    • President (అధ్యక్షుడు): Jawaharlal Nehru (సేమ్)

    • Vice-Presidents (ఉపాధ్యక్షులు):

      • C.M. Trivedi (Chandulal Madhava Trivedi) (సి.ఎం. త్రివేది)

      • Ashok Mehta (అశోక్ మెహతా)

  • Growth Rate (వృద్ధి రేటు):

    • Target (లక్ష్యం): 5.6%

    • Achieved (సాధించిన): 2.4% (Very low)

  • Per Capita Income Growth (తలసరి ఆదాయ వృద్ధి రేటు):

    • Achieved (సాధించిన): 0.2% (Very low)

  • Reason for Low Per Capita Income Growth:

    • Per Capita Income Growth = National Income Growth - Population Growth.

    • The low per capita growth (0.2%) compared to national growth (2.4%) indicates a high population growth rate (~2.2%) during this period. High population growth offset the national income growth.

  • Expenditure (వ్యయము):

    • Estimated (అంచనా వ్యయము): 7500 Crores

    • Actual (వాస్తవ వ్యయము): 8577 Crores (Actual expenditure was higher than estimated for the first time).

  • Highest Fund Allocation (అధిక నిధులు కేటాయించినది):

    • 1st: Transport & Communication (రవాణా సమాచారం) (~25%)

    • 2nd: Industry & Minerals (పరిశ్రమలు మరియు ఖనిజాలు) (23%)

    • 3rd: Agriculture & Irrigation (వ్యవసాయము మరియు నీటిపారుదల) (21%)

    • 4th: Social Services (సాంఘిక సేవలు) (20%)

  • Special Features / Challenges (ప్రత్యేకతలు):

    • Wars: 1962 Sino-Indian War (చైనాతో యుద్ధం), 1965 Indo-Pak War (పాకిస్తాన్ తో యుద్ధం). These diverted funds.

    • Severe Drought: 1965-66 (తీవ్రమైన కరువు). Severely impacted agriculture.

    • Political Instability: Three Prime Ministers during the period (Nehru died, Shastri died, Indira Gandhi took over).

    • Description: Referred to as a "దారుణంగా విప్లమైన ప్రణాళిక" (Dreadfully failed plan) due to poor performance.

    • Expenditure: First time actual expenditure exceeded the estimate.

    • Price Rise: 36% increase in prices (ధరలు పెరిగాయి) - Highest price rise in any plan period.

  • Development Programs (అభివృద్ధి కార్యక్రమాలు):

    • SLR (Statutory Liquidity Ratio) - 1962:

      • చట్టబద్ధమైన ద్రవ్యత్వ నిష్పత్తి (Statutory Liquidity Ratio).

      • A percentage of total deposits (డిపాజిట్లు) that commercial banks (వాణిజ్య బ్యాంకులు) must maintain.

      • Unlike CRR (Cash Reserve Ratio), which must be kept with the RBI (ఆర్బిఐ) as cash (and earns no interest), SLR funds are kept by the bank itself.

      • SLR funds must be maintained in liquid assets (ద్రవ్యత్వం ఉన్న ఆస్తులు).

      • Liquid Assets Examples: Cash (నగదు), Gold (బంగారం), Deposits in other banks (పక్క బ్యాంకులో డిపాజిట్), Government Securities (ప్రభుత్వ సెక్యూరిటీస్), Shares (షేర్స్).

      • Liquidity (ద్రవ్యత్వం): The ability of an asset to be quickly converted into cash without loss of value. (Cash is most liquid, Gold is next).

      • Purpose: To ensure banks have sufficient liquid funds to meet unexpected demands (like sudden withdrawals) and prevent bank failures. Protects depositors' money.

    • NCDC (National Cooperative Development Corporation) - 1963:

      • జాతీయ సహకార అభివృద్ధి సంస్థ.

      • Focuses on developing the cooperative marketing system (సహకార మార్కెటింగ్ వ్యవస్థలు) in India (e.g., NAFED, MARKFED, DCMS, PACS).

      • Role of Cooperative Marketing: Provides fair prices to farmers, purchases surplus agricultural produce after harvest, stores it, and releases it when needed.

      • Acts as government agents for distributing agricultural inputs (fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, equipment) to farmers.

      • Supports the establishment of warehouses/storage facilities (గిడ్డంగి సౌకర్యాలు) through the ICDP program.

    • ICDP (Integrated Cooperative Development Program):

      • సమగ్ర సహకార అభివృద్ధి కార్యక్రమం (Started 1985, though mentioned in the 3rd plan context of NCDC's work).

      • A program within NCDC focusing specifically on developing warehousing facilities in states.

    • ARDC (Agriculture Refinance Development Corporation) - 1963:

      • వ్యవసాయ అభివృద్ధి పరోక్ష సహాయక సంస్థ (Indirect support institution for agricultural development).

      • It performed the refinancing function for agricultural loans before NABARD was established.

      • Refinancing: ARDC/NABARD does not directly lend to farmers. They refinance the banks (like cooperative banks or commercial banks) that lend to farmers.

      • Predates NABARD (established in 1982 based on Shivraman Committee recommendations).

      • Merged with NABARD in 1982, along with two pre-existing agricultural credit funds:

        • Agriculture Stabilization Fund (వ్యవసాయ స్థిరీకరణ నిధి) (from 1957-58 Budget): Supported short-term agricultural loans (for inputs etc.).

        • Agriculture Long-Term Operations Fund (వ్యవసాయ దీర్ఘకాలిక కార్యకలాపాల నిధి) (from 1957-58 Budget): Supported long-term agricultural loans (for tractors, land etc.).

      • These pre-NABARD mechanisms were not fully effective, leading to the creation of NABARD. NABARD now handles all agricultural refinancing.

No comments:

Post a Comment