Financial & Judicial Powers of the President of India

Comprehensive Summary: Financial & Judicial Powers of the President of India (Telugu Text)

Source: Summarized from Telugu Text Image

Financial Powers (ఆర్థిక అధికారాలు)

* The constitution does not specify a timeframe within which the President must approve bills passed by Parliament or the Central Council of Ministers.

   

       
• Article 112 - The Budget must be presented in the Lok Sabha with the President's approval.
       
• Article 110 - Any financial bill can be introduced in Parliament only with the President's consent.
       
• Article 267 - The Central Contingency Fund is under the control of the President.
       
• The CAG (Comptroller and Auditor General) submits reports related to the expenditures and accounts of the Central Government to the President, who then presents them before the Parliament.
       
• The President's approval is mandatory when seeking foreign loans.
       
• Article 31(A) - Bills related to the nationalization of assets must be introduced in Parliament and Legislative Assemblies only with the President's permission.
   

Judicial Powers (న్యాయపరమైన అధికారాలు)

* In addition to administrative powers such as appointing judges of the S.C. (Supreme Court) & H.C. (High Courts) and transferring High Court judges to other states, the President of India also possesses certain judicial powers.

* Article 72 - The President exercises 5 types of judicial powers.

* In cases of sentences by higher courts, the President can take 5 types of decisions:

   

       
• 1. Pardon (పాడన్): "To completely cancel the sentences given by higher courts and grant forgiveness."
       
• 2. Commutation (కముటేషన్): "Commutation is changing one type of sentence given by the courts to another type of sentence."            
                 
  • Example: Changing the death sentence to life imprisonment, as in the case of Nalini, a convict in the Rajiv Gandhi assassination case.
             
         
       
• 3. Remission (రెమిషన్): "Reducing the term of the sentence without changing the nature of the sentence."
       
• 4. Respite (రెస్పైట్): "Changing the nature of the sentence without changing the term of the sentence."            
                 
  • Example: Changing harsh sentences to simple sentences due to special reasons such as severe illness, mental instability, or in the case of pregnant women.
             
         
       
• 5. Reprieve (రిసైల్ [ప్రి]): "Postponing the execution of the sentence."            
                 
  • The execution of the sentence is temporarily postponed when a mercy petition is pending before the President or Governors.
             
         
   

This is a comprehensive summary translated from the Telugu text image. For detailed information, please refer to original sources on the Indian Constitution and government websites.