State Ministers (State Ministers):

 State Ministers (State Ministers):

> There are 2 types of State Ministers:

    (a) Ministers with Independent Charge -  Independent State Ministers are appointed for departments that do not have Cabinet-level ministers. These ministers have cabinet-level status for their departments.

    (b) Ministers without Independent Charge - These ministers, at this level, function as assistants to Cabinet Ministers.

> These types of ministers generally do not attend Cabinet meetings. They only attend when invited by the Prime Minister to discuss matters related to their departments.

> They receive an additional ₹10,000/- salary and allowances per month, along with the salary of a regular Member of Parliament.

Deputy Ministers:

> They work entirely as assistants to Cabinet Ministers and State Ministers.

> They attend full Cabinet meetings only on special occasions.

> They receive an additional ₹5,000/- along with the salary and allowances of a regular MP.

Key Functions of the Central Council of Ministers:

> Formulates the laws necessary for the country's administration.

> Bears collective responsibility to the Lok Sabha (Lower House of Parliament).

> Drafts the speech text delivered by the President to the Parliament.

> Formulates the country's financial policies, including the budget.

> Adapts government policies in accordance with global changes.

> Formulates India's foreign policy.

> Oversees the administrative affairs of states under President's Rule (Article 356).

> Fulfils the responsibility of defense, protecting the country from foreign invasions and wars.

> Cooperates with states in maintaining law and order.

> Provides advice and assistance to the President in the administration of the country.

> The President exercises their judicial powers only based on the advice of the Central Council of Ministers.