Okay, here are the notes summarizing the key points from the Telugu lecture transcript on Agriculture Allied Sectors, focusing on Livestock and Horticulture.
Forestry Products Bamboo Policy Rubber Policy Beekeeping (Apiculture)
Importance: Significant allied sector to agriculture. Major source of income for farming families (Vyavasaaya Kutumbikulu). Example: Dairy industry alone supports approx. 8 crore people in India. Crucial for achieving the goal of Doubling Farmers' Income.
Government Support: Providing loans through cooperative systems (Sahakara Vyavasthalu). Various "Missions" launched to aid farmers in purchasing livestock. Financial assistance (Runasadhupaayam) made available.
Livestock Census (Pashu Ganana): Essential for understanding the livestock population status. 20th Livestock Census: Conducted in 2019. Data is available.19th Livestock Census: Conducted in 2012.Exam Relevance: Questions often asked based on census data (e.g., matching animals with numbers, state rankings).Historical Context: First census started in 1919.
20th Livestock Census (2019) - Key Details: Coverage: ~6.6 lakh villages, ~89,000 urban areas, ~27 crore households.Total Livestock Population (India, 2019): 535.78 million. (This seems to be the overall figure mentioned around 04:35)
Breakdown by Animal Type (Based on 2019 Census): Cattle (Aavulu / Govu Jathi): Number: ~192.49 million (Increased from ~190.9M in 2012). Key Breeds Mentioned: Jersey, Holstein, Crossbred. Top 3 States (Population): 1. West Bengal, 2. Uttar Pradesh, 3. Madhya Pradesh.(Note: This is specifically for cattle population)
Buffaloes (Gedelu): Number: 109.85 million (Increased from ~108.7M in 2012). (Mentioned as 10.98 crore). Key Breed Mentioned: Murrah (out of 13 recognized breeds). Top 3 States (Population): 1. Uttar Pradesh, 2. Rajasthan, 3. Gujarat (Revised based on list at 15:00, transcript earlier mentioned AP ).
Sheep (Gorrelu): Number: 74.26 million (Increased from ~65.1M in 2012). (Mentioned as 7.4 crore approx). Key Breed Mentioned: Nellore breed (significant population). Top 3 States (Population): 1. Telangana, 2. Andhra Pradesh, 3. Karnataka.(Telugu states prominent)
Goats (Mekalu): Number: 148.88 million (Increased from ~135.2M in 2012). (Mentioned as 14.88 crore). Top 3 States (Population): 1. Rajasthan, 2. West Bengal, 3. Uttar Pradesh.
Pigs (Pandulu): Number: 9.06 million (Decreased from ~10.3M in 2012). Top 3 States (Population): 1. Assam, 2. Jharkhand, 3. Meghalaya.
Other Animals: Mentioned include Horses, Donkeys, Camels, Mithun (Wild Buffaloes), Yak. (Specific numbers need careful attention if required for exams).
Overall Livestock Growth (2012 vs 2019): Total livestock increased by 4.6% .
State-wise Overall Livestock Growth (2012-2019): Highest Growth: West Bengal. Telangana Rank: 22nd in growth rate. Negative Growth: Uttar Pradesh showed a decline.
Top States for TOTAL Livestock Population (2019): Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh
India's Global Rank in Livestock Production: Milk: 1st Eggs: 3rd Meat: 8th
Definition: Cultivation of garden crops - Fruits (Pandlu), Vegetables (Kooragayalu), Flowers (Puvvulu), Spices (Sugandha Dravyaalu), Coconut (Kobbari), Cashew (Jeedi), Cocoa, Plantation crops etc.Government Focus: Encouraging horticulture, especially in North-Eastern states where traditional cropping is difficult. Promoting techniques like Drip and Sprinkler irrigation. Seen as a key component of sustainable agriculture.
Key Missions & Institutions: Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH): Umbrella mission.National Horticulture Mission (NHM): Focuses on R&D, developing new varieties/seeds, technology transfer, marketing support. Funding: 60:40 (Center:State) generally; 90:10 for NE & Himalayan states. Coverage: Implemented in 18 States & 6 UTs. Supported by 16 Central level agencies.
Horticulture Mission for North East & Himalayan States (HMNEH): Specific focus on these regions.National Horticulture Board (NHB): Headquarters: Gurugram, Haryana. Focus: Post-harvest management, cold storage development, market intelligence, technical support. Autonomous body under Ministry of Agriculture. Has 29 field offices.
Coconut Development Board (CDB): Headquarters: Kochi, Kerala. Established: 1981 (under CDB Act, 1979). Functions: Increase area & productivity, processing, marketing, data collection. Supports ~3 crore people. Regional Offices: Bengaluru, Chennai, Guwahati, Patna. State Centres: Odisha (Pitapalli), WB (Kolkata), A&N (Port Blair), AP (Vijayawada), Maharashtra (Thane). India's Global Rank (Coconut): 1st in production.
Spices Board: Headquarters: Kochi, Kerala. Established: 1987 (under Spices Board Act, 1986). Promotes ~52 different spices. Focus: Quality control, R&D, domestic & international promotion, export development. Testing Labs: Kochi, Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi, Tuticorin, Kandla, Guntur.
Directorate of Arecanut and Spices Development: Focuses on arecanut (poka chekka) and specific spices.Central Institute of Horticulture (CIH): Location: Medziphema, Nagaland. Focus: Research, development, training specifically for the North-Eastern region's horticulture sector.
Horticulture Clusters: Goal: To develop specific regions known for particular horticultural crops, aiming for 20% export growth. Identified: 55 clusters across India. Pilot Phase: 12 clusters being developed initially. Examples: Mahbubnagar (Telangana) - Mango; Anantapur (AP) - Banana. Target: Attract Rs. 10,000 crore investment, benefit 10 lakh farmers.
Horticulture Production Trends: Area under horticulture: Increased from 23.4 million ha (2014-15) to 28.08 million ha (2021-22 est.). Production: Increased from 281 million tonnes (2014-15) to 342 million tonnes (2021-22 est.). Productivity (Yield): Increased slightly from 12.0 tonnes/ha to 12.2 tonnes/ha. Growth observed but productivity improvement is relatively slow.
Government Campaigns: Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav linked events. Kisan Bhagidari, Prathmikta Hamari campaign launched in NE (Nagaland example given) to promote farmer participation and adoption of new methods.
Agriculture allied sectors (Livestock, Horticulture, Fisheries, Forestry) are gaining importance and focus from the government. Livestock Census data is crucial for numbers and rankings. Horticulture missions, boards, and their functions/locations are important. Focus on state rankings for specific livestock and total livestock. Note India's global ranks in milk, eggs, meat, coconut. Understand the trend of increasing area and production in horticulture, but slow productivity growth. Pay attention to specific schemes, funding patterns (e.g., 60:40, 90:10), and targets (e.g., export growth). The speaker emphasizes the need to study data effectively, possibly by ranking items (e.g., animal populations high to low) and focusing on top performers/trends.
No comments:
Post a Comment