Okay, here are the notes from the video, summarized in English:
Context: To reduce the import of edible oils by promoting the production of oilseeds and palm oil within India.Inclusion in NFSM: The Oil Seeds & Palm Oil component was added to the NFSM in 2018-19.Objective: Encourage oilseed production and oil palm cultivation domestically to decrease future dependence on palm oil imports.Implementation: The Horticulture Department acts as the nodal agency.Target Areas: Covers 25 states and 3 union territories.Palm Oil Promotion: Incentivizing farmers through subsidies (e.g., mentioning ₹6000/acre). Palm oil plantations take about 3 years to start yielding fruit.
Current Status: India currently imports approximately 95% of its palm oil requirements. The goal is to achieve self-sufficiency (Atmanirbhar).
Establishment: A dedicated mission to increase edible oil production, specifically aiming for self-reliance (Atmanirbhar) in palm oil.Target (2021-26): To expand palm oil cultivation by an additional 6.5 lakh hectares.NFSM Sub-Missions: NFSM - Oilseeds NFSM - Palm Oil NFSM - Tree Borne Oil (TBO)
Launch: 2019.Purpose: To enable beneficiaries to access their entitled food grains from any Fair Price Shop (FPS) across the country.Main Beneficiaries: Migrant workers, allowing them to draw rations at their place of migration through the Public Distribution System (PDS).
Free Ration Phase Start: From January 1, 2023.Objective: To provide free food grains to eligible beneficiaries through ration shops.Duration: Initially announced till December 31, 2023, and subsequently extended from January 1, 2024 onwards.Impact: Replaced the earlier system of providing grains at highly subsidized rates (e.g., ₹1/kg for rice) with completely free distribution.
Budget Allocation (2023-24): Approximately ₹2.05 lakh crore (around ₹2 trillion).Expenditure: Primarily spent through the Public Distribution System (PDS).Significance: Constitutes the largest expenditure item for the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution (96% of its budget in 2023-24).Mechanism: Procurement: Central Govt. procures food grains from farmers/millers (at Procurement Price, based on MSP + costs).Issue: Centre issues these grains to states at a subsidized rate (Central Issue Price - CIP).Distribution: States distribute grains through ration shops (Fair Price Shops) at further subsidized rates or free (under PMGKAY).Subsidy Burden: The difference between the economic cost (procurement, storage, transport) and the Central Issue Price is borne by the Central Government as food subsidy.
Price Gap Example (Illustrative): Rice: Procurement cost (2023-24) ~₹39/kg vs. Old NFSA Issue Price ~₹3/kg.Wheat: Procurement cost (2023-24) ~₹27/kg vs. Old NFSA Issue Price ~₹2/kg.This gap has widened recently due to increased procurement costs.
Context: Growing population increases food requirements and demand for grains.NFSM Role (Since 2007-08): Launched to achieve self-sufficiency in food grains.Allied Sectors: Crops, Livestock, Fisheries, Forestry.Growth Calculation: Overall agricultural growth is an average of the growth rates of its sub-sectors.Recent Trends: While overall agricultural growth exists, the 'Crops' sub-sector often shows slower growth. Livestock, Fisheries, and Forestry sectors generally exhibit better growth rates. Fisheries: Recording high growth (e.g., 9.3% mentioned as an estimate in the video).Crops: Often the lowest growth rate (e.g., 1.7% mentioned as an estimate).
Exam Perspective: Understanding which sector has a higher/lower share in GVA, higher/lower growth rate, and overall trends is important.Share in GVA (Gross Value Added): Order: Services > Industry > Agriculture (Primary Sector). Primary sector share ~18.3% (2022-23 est.), Agri sector alone ~15%.NSO Estimates: Data is released as Advance Estimates (AE), Provisional Estimates, etc. Final figures come later (around May 31st for the previous financial year).Agri-dependent Population: 2011 Census: 54.6%; 2001 Census: 58.2%; Recent estimate: 65% in rural areas, 47% in urban areas.Agricultural Growth Rate (Constant Prices): 2021-22: 3.0% (Revised) 2022-23: 4.0% (Revised, book might show 4.7%, needs check) 2023-24 (2nd AE): 0.7% (Important recent figure)
Significance: Forestry's share in GVA is small, but crucial for the environment.Growth: India ranked 3rd globally in net forest area gain over the last decade.Govt. Initiatives: Wetland (Ramsar sites - 75) conservation, afforestation drives.Bamboo: Nicknames: Green Gold, Green Steel.Importance: Used for paper, ethanol production (Target: 20% ethanol blending in petrol by 2025), construction, crafts.National Bamboo Mission: Promotes cultivation and bamboo-based industries (Workshop held in 2018 by NITI Aayog & Min. of Science/Earth Sciences).Target Areas: 22 Bamboo Clusters identified across 9 states.Nodal Agency: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers' Welfare.Production/Area Ranks: Assam leads in production, Madhya Pradesh in area (within India). India is 2nd globally after China in bamboo resources.Legal Status Change: Indian Forest Act, 1927 amended in 2017 to remove bamboo from the definition of 'tree'. Felling and transit are now easier. Classified as Minor Forest Produce (MFP).Forest Rights Act, 2006: Grants land rights (up to 4 ha) and MFP rights to forest dwellers.
Launch: June 26, 2019.Overseeing Ministry: Ministry of Commerce and Industry.Objectives: Ensure sustainability of the rubber industry, increase productivity and quality, support domestic manufacturers, and promote exports.Regulation: Rubber cultivation falls under Central Govt. purview via the Rubber Act, 1947.Rubber Board HQ: Kottayam, Kerala.Production Ranks: World: 1. Thailand, 2. Indonesia, 3. Vietnam, 4. India.India: 1. Kerala, 2. Tripura, 3. Karnataka.
Livelihood Dependency: Supports around 1.9 million people.
Promotion: Government promoting it under the 'Sweet Revolution' initiative.Goals: Women empowerment, generating employment (especially for landless), increasing honey production.Production/Export (2021-22): Production: 1,33,200 Metric Tonnes (MT). Export: 74,433 Metric Tonnes (MT).
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