Instances of Presidential Rule in India

Comprehensive Summary: Instances of Presidential Rule in India (Telugu Text)

Source: Summarized from Telugu Text Image

Laws During National Emergency

* Laws enacted during a National Emergency remain in effect for 6 months after the emergency ends.

* Parliament can repeal these laws sooner. Otherwise, they automatically expire after 6 months.

Instances of President's Rule

   

       
• First instance in India: 1951 in PEPSU (Patiala and East Punjab States Union).
       
• In 1952, Punjab also experienced President's Rule.
       
• Punjab has had extended periods under President's Rule.
       
• Constitutional Amendment was first made for Punjab to extend President's Rule.
       
• States with the highest number of instances of President's Rule:            
                 
  • Kerala (9 times)
                 
  • Uttar Pradesh (9 times)
             
         
       
• States with the fewest instances of President's Rule (1 time):            
                 
  • Maharashtra
                 
  • Arunachal Pradesh
                 
  • Meghalaya
         
         
       
• First instance in Andhra State in 1954, and in Andhra Pradesh in 1973.
       
• States never under President's Rule to date:            
                 
  • Chhattisgarh
                 
  • Uttarakhand
         
         
       
• President's Rule imposed 121 times in India to date.
   

Reviews and Recommendations on Article 356

   

       
• 2002 Constitution Review Commission noted that Article 356 has been misused over 100 times in India.
       
• In 2000, during the NDA government, an Inter-State Council sub-committee led by Fernandez made suggestions to prevent the misuse of this article.
       
• 1994 S.R. Bommai V/s Union of India case: Supreme Court (S.C.) announced key guidelines on the use of Article 356 in its verdict:            
                 
  • (a) Use of Article 356 is subject to judicial review.
                 
  • (b) Article 356 should not be invoked without a Governor's report.
                 
  • (c) Upon Presidential declaration approval by Parliament, the State Legislative Assembly should not be dissolved immediately.
                 
  • (d) This article should not be used in a manner that damages India's federal structure.
             
         
       
• 2002 Constitution Review Commission supported the S.C. verdict in the S.R. Bommai case.
       
• Recommended that Article 356 should be used as a last resort and constitutional amendments should be made to prevent its misuse.
   

Shortest and Instances of President's Rule

   

       
• State with the shortest duration of President's Rule (1 day): Karnataka.
       
• State with President's Rule imposed twice in a single month: Karnataka.
   

This is a comprehensive summary translated from the Telugu text image. For detailed information, please refer to original sources on the Indian Constitution and government websites.